Muslim influx and influence in India started
almost at the inception of the religion.When did the religion of the Islam
start is not known to me and I do not have a note or any record of the same
but it dates back to the era when Jesus Christ was born at Bethelhem as they
say. That is the only statement I can put.
7th Century it was when the conversion started
The
traders from Arabia were frequent visitors to the Indian subcontinent even
before Prophet Muhammad revealed the Koran. They brought the word of Muhammad to India in the 7th
century and this resulted in some peaceful conversions of Hindus to Islam.Hypnotising
the indian swho were promised of the MOON and the exchange of some gift on a
BARTER SYSTEMS there were many Hindus who were NOT actually good enough to
maintain themselves got themselves converted.
Mohammed-Ibn-Quasim ; The Staert Was Laid
Following this, Mohammad-ibn-Quasim in the
year 712 A.D conquered the Province of Sindh. In a battle which was very
toxic and which still does not finds any great importance but the event was SO GREAT that to exercise his control
Mohammed Quasim got many Hindus then and many Indians converted into Islam.
However, this event in history does not seem
to have influenced India as much as expected. However the FIRST of many a
CRUEL invasion that included LOOT, ARSONING, BURNING and more HEINOUS the
RSAPE and the FORCED-CONVERSION by Mehmood Ghaznavi was the start of the
PERILS of the HINDUISM and Indians.
Thereafter came Mohammed Ghori and that was
the time when the Mughals/Muslims and the FOREIGN invasion started taking
ppalce one-by-one and that was the moment when slowly the HINDUISM in it’s
WORST started losing the presence and it’s IMPORTANCE in India.
Beginning with the invasion of Mohammad of
Ghazni in the 10th century, followed by a barrage of invaders from Persia,
Turkey and Afghanistan in the 11th and 12th centuries, a full force of Islam was thrust upon India.
“ Forcible conversions of people of other
faiths with inducements as well as unfair taxation resulted in spread of the
Islam in Hindustan ”. The British conquest in India that started insidiously with the
establishment of the East India
Company, eventually usurped the Muslim stronghold of India, in the
18th century.
Today there are more than a quarter
of a billion Muslims living in the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan and
Bangladesh). This area of the Muslim with the HUGE Hindu population
is seen by the ANTI-HINDU BELIEF and the people out to WRECK it as the MOST-
GREEN-VALLEY for spreading the Islam all through the WORLD
The Greatest Populated area Of Muslims In The World
A total
of about 40 crores of the Muslims at India, about 18 crores to 20 crores of
the Pakistani Muslims and about 18 crores of the Bangladeshi Muslims, if
added results into 76 crores of the Muslims out of a 128 crores that exists
in the WORLD, makes this area to more than a quarter of the total Muslim
population of the world. Muslims
form about THIRTY percent of the Indian population. Of it there are about 10 crores of ILLEGLE
MUSLIMS residing at india which amounts to about 25% out of the entire
population of the Muslims who are illegle and who are actually the
DE-STABILISING DE-FACTO of the country that we call it as India.
Existence of Islam and Broad-Basement of the MUSLIMS in India.
It is NOT
that the religion Islam did stretch itself in India without the Indians and the Hindu’s pouring into
it. There are many example. Tippu Sultan could NOT and would NOT
have been able to extend himself and
his base at South-India if not that Brahmin
who was known as PUNDIT PURNAYYA
could put his knowledge and the inputs
to him to rule Mysore. Many a Islamic/Mughals
could stabilize themselves and make themselves STRONG with the BRAIN
of the Hindus making them very powerful-and-strong The classis example was
the NAV-RATNA in which the TWO- RATNA were the Hindus, Raja Todar Mal and BIRBAL .
It is unique that the Muslim population of
India has been influenced by the Hindu religion throughout history. “ Sufism ”,
for example is an adaptation of Vedanta. Over many centuries, Islam in India
has undergone several attempts at reforms, some towards modernization and
some leaning more towards fundamentalism.
Classes- Distinct and sub categorized :: “
ASHRAF ” , “ AJLAF ”
Knowing very less about the “MUSLIMS” but
making a detailed and an INTENSIVE
study about them, what I could learn and find out that LIKE India and the Hindus the Muslims too are
sub-divided and categorized and some of the examples are there to
prove the points but I shall lay over here which exists here at India.
The Muslims in India are categorized into two distinct classes based on their origins. This is
similar to the caste system of Hinduism (so called Varnashrama). Muslims are broadly divided into two
groups, namely, Ashraf and Ajlaf.
Ashraf are again grouped as Sayyeds, Sheikhs, Mughals and Pathans.
The “ Sayyeds ” are said to
be descendents of the Prophet and
regarded in high esteem. The Sheikhs
are of Arab descent and are next in line in prestige. The Mughals are descendents of the
greatest Muslim rulers of India, the Mughals and occupy third place. Pathans including Sepahis hail from
the northwestern regions including Afghanistan and form the last group of
Ashraf.
“ Ailaf ” :: Indians forcibly CONVERTED and considered to be the
“ INFERIORS ”
The Ajlaf
on the other hand are the Indian converts and are considered to be of common
ancestry. They are considered to be of inferior class when compared to the
Ashraf.
Raja ram Mohan Roy : Brahmo Samaj Founded and Cultural Reforms
Starts At India.
India was reeling under a heavy duress from
the end of the seventeenth century and to the start of the Nineteen century.
On the one- we had the trouble some Islamic movement in terms of the CRUEL
MUSLIM RULERS ruling India in which FORCED-CONVERSION, “ DEATH-LIKE-TAXATION ”
and “ SOCIAL PUNISHMENT ” was enforced upon the Indians by those who ruled
India. The MOST HEINOUS was the “ SATI ” that was absolutely INHUMAN to say
the least.
Nineteenth century the advent of it and the one’s who could comply with the
British rule to realign them with India India saw great socio-religious reform in Hinduism. The reform movements
of Rajaram Mohan Roy in 1827 first started the abolition of Sati and recognition of widow marriage as well as education of women by founding of his Brahmo Samaj in
Bengal.
Many reform movements followed this,
significantly the Prarthana Samaj
started by Keshab Chandra Sen in
1867 (later popularized by G.M. Ranade and Bhandarkar), Arya Samaj established in 1875 by Dayananda Saraswati and Ramakrishna Mission of Vivekananda. The Theosophical Society of Colonel Cleott
popularized by Annie Besant in 1886 in Madras, the Rehnumai Mazdayasan Sabha of
the Parsees established by Dadabhai Navaroji in 1851 in
Bombay and the Sri Narayan Dharma
Paripalan Yogam started by Sri
Narayana Guru in 1903 in Travancore were some other reform movements
of late 19th century. All these reforms were attempts at steering the Hindu
religion towards Vedanta, which is the backbone of its philosophy.
Islam : “ RIGID ” to any changes
Islam and the followers of the Islam are very RIGID. Be it their BELIEF, be it their IMAGINATION be it their THINKING , they are VERY “ HARD-CORE ” and very RIGID to accept anything in
terms of the CHANGE with it
boils down to Islam . They DO -NOT
even understand and try to understand when it comes to change themselves from
that laid back stagnation that pushes
them back when it boils down to change themselves if that is connected with
their religion .This is ONE REASON
why the ISLAMIC SOULS are
very far and lagging behind.
Unlike
Hinduism, which is flexible and amenable to reform, Islam is rigid and
difficult to change. Criticism of old archaic practices is shunned and viewed as anti- Muslim rhetoric. “ Modernization is seen as a threat to
the way of life of a Muslim ”. In the face of such persistent
orthodoxy all the reforms of the 19th
century generally have been reverting to more fundamentalism rather than modernization.
Two such reforms were the Wahabis and Tabligis.
The Wahabis
The Wahabi movement started in Saudi Arabia in the 18th century by Muhammad ibn-Abd-al-Wahab
(1703–1792) regards all other religions as heretical and thus intolerant
towards them. The Indian Wahabi
movement was founded by Syed
Ahmed Brelavi (1789-1831) belonging to Rai Baraili.
When he saw Islam drifting towards
superstitions and exaggerated veneration of saints and prophets, he steered
Islam to its more fundamental roots similar to the Arabian Wahabi movement. However, the Brelavi
Wahabis had no direct contact with their counterparts
in Arabia. Its aim was to establish Muslim sovereignty in India or a “ Dar-ul-Islam ”.
Though the Wahabis took part in fighting the British, the basic tenet of the
movement did not change, that is to establish
Muslim supremacy over all of India. Influenced by the Wahabi
movement, two other fundamentalist movements came into existence. Shariatullah started Fairazi movement in attempt to aid the
poor peasants in Bengal against the oppressive zamindars. Soon this
became an anti-Hindu movement
as well. More significant was the second movement called the Deoband. They established the
Muslim schools for education, the model of which is still followed in the madrassahs around the Muslim world. These Deoband
faction attracted students from all over the Muslim world.
Financed by the rich Muslim Arab nations, fundamentalism was
institutionalized in these schools. In India there is an undercurrent of discord between the Deoband
faction and the Brelavi Wahabis, mainly due to the financial disparity. In
course of time the movements started as reform of Muslims shifted course and
has been preoccupied with power and
control of the populous.
The Tabligis
It was due to the CORONA-VIRUS that my mind was shifted
to know more and more about the TABLIGHIS. I did NOT
hear to this community all THOUGH and all BY-PASS
means and the ways to know about them and learn about them. If it was NOT
being SUBJECTED to the ALL-ROUND-NEWS that ws
always aired and telecast by the ZEE-TV, I would not have come
at all the know about them .Once I was aware of it I made a study to
understand the Tablighis and whatever little that I have learned is put here.
Dayanand Saraswati
: Reformer Who tried To Reconvert The Converted Muslims to Hindus
Dayananda
Saraswati’s Arya Samaj targeted Muslim converts and attempted a purification
drive (shuddhikaran).
As a response Maulana Iliyas
of Mewat in Rajastan started the Tabligi movement in 1927.
The Hindu converts were practicing a mixed
form of Islam as they were culturally more Hindu than Muslim. Maulana Iliyas
started his movement to transform these converts into ‘complete Muslims’ and
put forward the slogan, ‘Aye
Musalmano! Musalman bano’ (O Muslims! Be Muslims). True Islamic teachings and practices were
taught in an uncompromising
way. Initially localized to Mewat, the movement caught on and spread rapidly
after the death of the Maulana.
The Tabligis follow strict codes of
the Islamic law. They are bound by the religious dogma, dressing patterns, detailed methods of
religious practices. Meetings of thousands of Muslim gatherings (Jama’at)
are held where minute details of the religious practices are taught for
Muslims to follow. Half the populations of Muslims in the subcontinent are
now adherents of this movement. Though
apolitical in its organization, they have a capacity of mobilizing a large
number of Muslims at short notice to gather.
More moderate reforms of the Islamic religion also occurred simultaneously.
The adherents of such reforms are much less in number today. The Aligarh and the Ahmedia movements
are the two main moderate attempts at reform.
The Aligarh Movement
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (1817-1891) attempted a social upsurge amongst the Indian
Muslims with his so-called Aligarh movement. His main contribution was to enhance education with
starting of many schools and colleges. Much importance was given to Urdu language. He undertook reconciliation between Islam and
Christianity and he pointedly showed the similarities between the two
religions. He even published a
sympathetic study of the Bible.
The recent case of the Palghar incident is the
culmination of the Christians and the Muslims who are backed by the COMMUNIST
and the LEFT PARTIES of India pooling themselves and KILLING the THREE-INNOCENT
SAINT
The amalgamation of the THOUGHT that followd at palghar where the TWO communities amalgamated is
due to this ALIGARH
movement .Since this part is very closely connected to the Vidharbha region
and since I hail from that region I can safely say that this region which at one p[point of a time had as many
villages with about 95% of
the HINDUS but from the
very LOWEST strata of the SOCIETY now has ONLY 10% or even LESS than that of the HINDUS because the remaining
have been FORCED converted
either into CHRISTIANS or in MUSLIMS, both the community
agreeing to each other and giving the space to them to convert without any difficulties
Urdu translation of books on western arts and
sciences were done by a translation society founded by him ie by Mr Sayeed
Khan. Despite all the successful launching of social reforms, Sir Syed failed to bring about much
needed moderation of the religion such as women’s education and the purdah system
for oppressed women. Only the education of upper and middle class and
has been criticized for not going far enough with his reforms of the entire
Muslim society.
The Ahmedias :: Opposed To Jihad
Founded in 1889 by Mirza
Ghulam Ahmed, the movement was
based on universal religion of all communities. It spread western liberal education among Muslims
by starting a number of schools and colleges. It was opposed to Jihad but at the same time
infused vigorous religious spirit among Muslims. It is the most closely knit
and organized group of Muslims in the country. Its perceived mysticism
was its downfall.
The Aga Khan’s Flock :: The Invent Of The Bohra Community
Apart from the Sunnis (the followers of Omar, the Caliph) and Shiites,
(followers of Ali, Prophet’s son in law) there is another sect in Indian
subcontinent called the Aga Khanis. It is the Nizari Ismaili community
with Aga Khan as their Imam. It originated as a splinter group of Shi’ite sect, when they
accepted Ismail as the
seventh Imam instead of his brother. They trace an unbroken line of Imams up
to the current day Aga Khan (Prince Karim), who is 49th in succession. Many
Shiite sects refused to accept any Imams after the elevnth Imam died without
an heir.
In
this way the Nizari Ismailis are different. Thirteen generation
after Ali, the Shiite sect further divided between followers of Nizar and his
brother (later came to be known as Bohra community). Nizari Ismailis follow
Aga Khan as their leader and celebrate his birthday as a holy day rather than
the Muharram, which most of the Shiites celebrate as a holy day because of
the death anniversary of Hussein, son of Ali.
Followers of Aga Khan are more
westernized than any other Muslim community. Most of the recent Aga
Khans have been educated in England. Thousand years ago they were rivals of
the caliphate of Baghdad and ruled as the Fatimid caliphate of Cairo. After
the decline of their influence in Egypt and Asia, they remained in Persia
until 1840, when the 46th Imam was forced to leave Persia. They then moved to India and Pakistan
where they formed an amicable relationship with the British. They
were not accepted into Mecca and did not undertake pilgrimage.. The Aga Khans
were also accused of mishandling the Nizari finances in 1905 though they won
a court battle in this regard. However, the modernization of the religion by
the Aga Khans did not sit well in the Muslim world. The Nizari Ismailis of
Gujarat are called Khojas.
During the 16th and 17th centuries, for example, Indian Nizaris often deemed
it necessary to consult Hindu texts as well as The Holy Koran (which is of
course their primary Book); in fact
even today a fair number of Aga-Khanis enjoy and derive some inspiration from
the Bhagavad-Gita. That is why
all of a SUDDEN we could see a ISLAMIS PROPHET saying that ISLAM IS NOTHING BUT THE APPLICATION
OF BHAGWAD GEETA on a popular TV which infact is a NATIONAL TV CHANNEL Unlike other Muslims, they sometimes sing hymns during their services,
usually in an Indian language such as Gujarati.
In addition, many Nizaris believe that reincarnation of souls is possible
under certain circumstances. Mostly
these are Muslims who embrace Sufism. Once
out of the “ BLUE ” and to the “ SURPRISE ” of “ MANY ”, an attempt was once
made to categorize Hazrat Ali as the tenth avatar of Vishnu by Aga Khan
though they no longer believe this.
As a result of the rift between the reformers and the orthodox sections of
the religion, many deserted and
joined other Shiite sect, thus becoming indistinguishable from them.
It was thought that only about four million Muslims remained faithful to Aga
Khan. However, after the breakup of the Soviet
Union and birth of independent countries like Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and
Tajikistan where many Aga Khanis were found to be followers of the faith. Now
it is believed that there are about 20 million followers.
Other attempts
Other attempts have been made to modernize the religious practices with
varying effects. Shibli Numani attempted Muslims to adopt a more flexible
attitude towards Hindus and accept new ideas, but failed. Barruddin Tyebji
(1844-1906) attempted to do away with the Purdah in Bombay. Moves toward re-interpretation of scriptures,
history and behavior have been attempted by Hali and more recently by Maulana Vahiddudin Khan.
Traditional Muslim forces are too strong to allow any radical changes in the
socio-religious front. Unlike Hindu
reforms, real radical reforms of Islam have remained a dream of certain
individuals over the course of history. Phadke wrote in 1989 that “ So tight has been the hold of orthodoxy on
the Muslim mind that nowhere in India has Muslim society been so far able to
support a vocal group of liberal Muslims committed to modern values. There
has been no serious attempt of a thorough critical appraisal of their
heritage”. After Indian Independence the reform of
the Islam has become even more difficult as any attempt is viewed with
suspicion because of the minority status of the Muslims.
Another moderate Muslim movement attempting to reform is the Bohra Reformist Group. Bohras
are mainly business people
mostly in the hardware and gun smithy. This is a modern movement attempting
to soften the authority of the religious leaders on the religion. Started by Engineer, Contractor and Poonawala
they have even attempted to interpret Koran in the perspective of a Christian liberal theology. THIS
IS THE reason THAT WHEN A Christian finds it very hard to convert a Hindu
into Christians they pass on this “LEAD” to the Muslims to try their hand and
convert them.
The CONVERSION of the “HINDUS” into the “MUSLIMS”
has taken a FIVE-HUNDRED-PERCENT-DRIVE
ever since 2004 when Sonia Gandhi
was HOLDING the Congress
well out of the curtain then . It was very EVIDENT the way the CONVERSIONS
were done at ALL-PLACES-AT-INDIA
by the Christians especially the IMPOVERISHED HINDUS who
were converted into Christians. A
HINDU-MAHASANGH Leader by the name of Dara Singh at Orissa
first WARNED the Christians
NOT to do that in his
village but when they DAMN-GAVE-A-HOOT,
he LYNCHED a family of
Christians who were from Australia doing this business This is the REAL STORY.
In the 1970’s a reformist named Hamid Dalwai made a serious
attempt at modernizing Islam in India. He proposed abandonment of purdah and
more freedom to women among the Maharashtra Sunni Muslim community. For this
effort he was branded as heretic
and his movement did not survive after his death. Dalwai’s movement was
called Muslim Satayshodhak Mandal
(MSM). Many more similar attempts have so far failed to produce
significant results in reforming the socio-religious
aspect of Islam in India. The fundamentalism is readily accepted
whereas the moderate reforms are shunned.
The Future
Time IMMEMORIAL
there have been many a REFORMERS
who have tried their best to bring about a REFORM of the Muslims and mingle them with the way the
world had and has MODERNISED
but to no avail.
The RIGID
who call themselves as the SAVIOURS
and the MESSIAHS of
the MUSLIMS just do not
allow it and they go to the extent of either liquidating or KILLING them who try to do
that. This is ONE of the REASON that the Arabic World like Syria, Iraq, Yemen
to name a few and even Turkey
which is in Europe has FAILED
to come up to showcase the Muslims, original in their COUNTRY anywhere near to the Europeans that RESIDE in Turkey.
Any attempt to bring the religion
in par with the modern scientific world is perceived as a threat to Islamic
identity. Religion is law in Islam and any change is thought to be breech of
faith and belief. This is
the MINDSET which has been implanted to the Muslims ever since they are born.
That is why we see and find the Muslims so RIGID and SO- HARD-BOILED when it comes to anything like that. They SIMPLY are NOT bound to change because of
the MOULDINGS in a WRONG manner RIGHTLY
implanted into their mind.
They see the HINDUS as the ONLY-POTENTIAL-THREAT-AND-THE- THORN
which they believe is making them as the SLAVES to the Western
Christians and they believe that if the entire country of India could be
converted into Islam by any means or mode then ISLAM WILL RULE THE WORLD.
It may happen in India that the ENTIRE INDIA that could be
converted into Islam within some time
because of the FOOLISH-SLEEPING-PILLS
that we have in Maya, Mamta, Sonia, Left-Right, Congress, Akhilesh, Arvind, and
many more WHO only THRIVE on these MUSLIMS for
their BREATHE and EXISTENCE but if they TRY and DARE try with the Christians of the West THEY WILL SOON BE VANQUISHED
without any trace of them being left here as any LEFTOVERS.
Sir Syed (Aligarh Movement) was called a kafir or
infidel for his attempts and Dalwai (MSM) was branded as munafique or
a heretic. Religion forms an
integral part of the day-to-day practice of Islam that any reform devoid of religion is
bound to fail. At the same time the injudicious reliance on religion can
result in extreme fundamentalism like the Wahabi or directionless
organization of the Tablig Jamaat.
Being a minority status in India has resulted in any attempt at modernization
to be called as an attempt at ‘ Hindu-isation’
of Islam. Even the purdah system is
defended as a religious identity, discarding the humanitarian aspect and
discrimination.
Somehow a middle ground has to be sought both by the minority Muslims and the majority Hindus in India. There has to be an exchange of moderate ideas in a
non-religious context that does not cross the line of infuriating the religious faction.
From a distance this looks like an impossible
feat as both sides have vowed not to give or concede an inch. This rigidity has made the
clash of two of the great religions all the more difficult to avoid.
The divergent paths followed by both in their philosophy and theosophy seems
to be drifting apart at a rapid pace.
Regards
Pic::
Shyamal Bhattacharjee
Mr Shyamal Bhattacharjee, the author was born at West
Chirimiri Colliery at District Surguja,
Chattisgarh on July 6th 1959 He received his early
education at Carmel Convent School Bishrampur and later
at Christ Church Boys' Higher Secondary School at
Jabalpur. He later joined Hislop College at Nagpur
and completed his graduation in Science and he also added a degree
in B A thereafter. He joined the HITAVADA,
a leading dailies of Central India
at Nagpur as a Sub-Editor ( Sports )
but gave up to complete his MBA in 1984
He thereafter added a Diploma In Export Management. He
has authored THREE books namely Notable
Quotes and Noble Thought published by Pustak Mahal in 2001 Indian
Cricket : Faces That Changed It published by Manas
Publications in 2009 and Essential Of Office Management published by
NBCA, Kolkatta in 2012. He has a experience of about 35
years in Marketing .
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