The History of the " MUGHALS " , " MUSLIMS " and " ISLAM " In Modern India :: The " SOCIO-RELEGION " Aspect





Pic::  
Muslim influx and influence in India started almost at the inception of the religion.When did the religion of the Islam start is not known to me and I do not have a note or any record of the same but it dates back to the era when Jesus Christ was born at Bethelhem as they say. That is the only statement I can put.
7th Century it was when the conversion started

The traders from Arabia were frequent visitors to the Indian subcontinent even before Prophet Muhammad revealed the Koran. They brought the word of Muhammad to India in the 7th century and this resulted in some peaceful conversions of Hindus to Islam.Hypnotising the indian swho were promised of the MOON and the exchange of some gift on a BARTER SYSTEMS there were many Hindus who were NOT actually good enough to maintain themselves got themselves converted.
Mohammed-Ibn-Quasim ; The Start Was Laid
 Following this, Mohammad-ibn-Quasim in the year 712 A.D conquered the Province of Sindh. In a battle which was very toxic and which still does not finds any great importance but the event  was SO GREAT that to exercise his control Mohammed Quasim got many Hindus then and many Indians converted into Islam.
However, this event in history does not seem to have influenced India as much as expected. However the FIRST of many a CRUEL invasion that included LOOT, ARSONING, BURNING and more HEINOUS the RSAPE and the FORCED-CONVERSION by Mehmood Ghaznavi was the start of the PERILS of the HINDUISM and Indians.
Thereafter came Mohammed Ghori and that was the time when the Mughals/Muslims and the FOREIGN invasion started taking ppalce one-by-one and that was the moment when slowly the HINDUISM in it’s WORST started losing the presence and it’s IMPORTANCE in India.

Beginning with the invasion of Mohammad of Ghazni in the 10th century, followed by a barrage of invaders from Persia, Turkey and Afghanistan in the 11th and 12th centuries, a full force of Islam was thrust upon India.


Muslim influx and influence in India started almost at the inception of the religion.When did the religion of the Islam start is not known to me and I do not have a note or any record of the same but it dates back to the era when Jesus Christ was born at Bethelhem as they say. That is the only statement I can put.
7th Century it was when the conversion started
 The traders from Arabia were frequent visitors to the Indian subcontinent even before Prophet Muhammad revealed the Koran. They brought the word of Muhammad to India in the 7th century and this resulted in some peaceful conversions of Hindus to Islam.Hypnotising the indian swho were promised of the MOON and the exchange of some gift on a BARTER SYSTEMS there were many Hindus who were NOT actually good enough to maintain themselves got themselves converted.
Mohammed-Ibn-Quasim ; The Start Was Laid
 Following this, Mohammad-ibn-Quasim in the year 712 A.D conquered the Province of Sindh. In a battle which was very toxic and which still does not finds any great importance but the event  was SO GREAT that to exercise his control Mohammed Quasim got many Hindus then and many Indians converted into Islam.
However, this event in history does not seem to have influenced India as much as expected. However the FIRST of many a CRUEL invasion that included LOOT, ARSONING, BURNING and more HEINOUS the RSAPE and the FORCED-CONVERSION by Mehmood Ghaznavi was the start of the PERILS of the HINDUISM and Indians.
Thereafter came Mohammed Ghori and that was the time when the Mughals/Muslims and the FOREIGN invasion started taking ppalce one-by-one and that was the moment when slowly the HINDUISM in it’s WORST started losing the presence and it’s IMPORTANCE in India.
 Beginning with the invasion of Mohammad of Ghazni in the 10th century, followed by a barrage of invaders from Persia, Turkey and Afghanistan in the 11th and 12th centuries, a full force of Islam was thrust upon India.


“ Forcible conversions of people of other faiths with inducements as well as unfair taxation resulted in spread of the Islam in Hindustan ”. The British conquest in India that started insidiously with the establishment of the East India Company, eventually usurped the Muslim stronghold of India, in the 18th century.

Today there are more than a quarter of a billion Muslims living in the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh). This area of the Muslim with the HUGE Hindu population is seen by the ANTI-HINDU BELIEF and the people out to WRECK it as the MOST- GREEN-VALLEY for spreading the Islam all through the WORLD
The Greatest Populated area Of Muslims In The World
 A total of about 40 crores of the Muslims at India, about 18 crores to 20 crores of the Pakistani Muslims and about 18 crores of the Bangladeshi Muslims, if added results into 76 crores of the Muslims out of a 128 crores that exists in the WORLD, makes this area to more than a quarter of the total Muslim population of the world. Muslims form about THIRTY percent of the Indian population.  Of it there are about 10 crores of ILLEGLE MUSLIMS residing at india which amounts to about 25% out of the entire population of the Muslims who are illegle and who are actually the DE-STABILISING DE-FACTO of the country that we call it as India.
Existence of Islam and Broad-Basement of the MUSLIMS in India.
It is NOT that the religion Islam did stretch itself in India without the Indians and the Hindu’s pouring into it. There are many example. Tippu Sultan could NOT and would NOT have been able to  extend himself and his base at South-India if not that Brahmin who was known as PUNDIT PURNAYYA  could put his knowledge and the inputs to him to rule Mysore. Many a Islamic/Mughals could stabilize themselves and make themselves STRONG with the BRAIN of the Hindus making them very powerful-and-strong The classis example was the NAV-RATNA in which the TWO- RATNA were the Hindus, Raja Todar Mal and BIRBAL .
It is unique that the Muslim population of India has been influenced by the Hindu religion throughout history. “ Sufism ”, for example is an adaptation of Vedanta. Over many centuries, Islam in India has undergone several attempts at reforms, some towards modernization and some leaning more towards fundamentalism.
Classes- Distinct and sub categorized :: “ ASHRAF ” , “ AJLAF ”
Knowing very less about the “MUSLIMS” but making a detailed and an INTENSIVE study about them, what I could learn and find out that LIKE India and the Hindus the Muslims too are sub-divided and categorized and some of the examples are there to prove the points but I shall lay over here which exists here at India.
The Muslims in India are categorized into two distinct classes based on their origins. This is similar to the caste system of Hinduism (so called
Varnashrama). Muslims are broadly divided into two groups, namely, Ashraf and Ajlaf.


Ashraf are again grouped as Sayyeds, Sheikhs, Mughals and Pathans. The “ Sayyeds ” are said to be descendents of the Prophet and regarded in high esteem. The Sheikhs are of Arab descent and are next in line in prestige. The Mughals are descendents of the greatest Muslim rulers of India, the Mughals and occupy third place. Pathans including Sepahis hail from the northwestern regions including Afghanistan and form the last group of Ashraf.
“ Ailaf ” :: Indians forcibly CONVERTED and considered to be the “ INFERIORS ”
The Ajlaf on the other hand are the Indian converts and are considered to be of common ancestry. They are considered to be of inferior class when compared to the Ashraf.
Raja ram Mohan Roy : Brahmo Samaj Founded and Cultural Reforms Starts At India.
India was reeling under a heavy duress from the end of the seventeenth century and to the start of the Nineteen century. On the one- we had the trouble some Islamic movement in terms of the CRUEL MUSLIM RULERS ruling India in which FORCED-CONVERSION, “ DEATH-LIKE-TAXATION ” and “ SOCIAL PUNISHMENT ” was enforced upon the Indians by those who ruled India. The MOST HEINOUS was the “ SATI ” that was absolutely INHUMAN to say the least.

Nineteenth century the advent of it and the one’s who could comply with the British rule to realign them with India India saw great socio-religious reform in Hinduism. The reform movements of Rajaram Mohan Roy in 1827 first started the abolition of Sati and recognition of widow marriage as well as education of women by founding of his Brahmo Samaj in Bengal.
Many reform movements followed this, significantly the Prarthana Samaj started by Keshab Chandra Sen in 1867 (later popularized by G.M. Ranade and Bhandarkar), Arya Samaj established in 1875 by Dayananda Saraswati and Ramakrishna Mission of Vivekananda. The Theosophical Society of Colonel Cleott popularized by Annie Besant in 1886 in Madras, the Rehnumai Mazdayasan Sabha of the Parsees established by Dadabhai Navaroji in 1851 in Bombay and the Sri Narayan Dharma Paripalan Yogam started by Sri Narayana Guru in 1903 in Travancore were some other reform movements of late 19th century. All these reforms were attempts at steering the Hindu religion towards Vedanta, which is the backbone of its philosophy.
Islam : “ RIGID ” to any changes
Islam and the followers of the Islam are very RIGID. Be it their BELIEF, be it their IMAGINATION be it their THINKING , they are VERY “ HARD-CORE ” and very RIGID to accept anything in terms of the CHANGE with it boils down to Islam . They DO -NOT even understand and try to understand when it comes to change themselves from that laid back stagnation  that pushes them back when it boils down to change themselves if that is connected with their religion .This is ONE REASON why the ISLAMIC SOULS are very far and lagging behind.
Pic::
Unlike Hinduism, which is flexible and amenable to reform, Islam is rigid and difficult to change. Criticism of old archaic practices is shunned and viewed as anti- Muslim rhetoric.  Modernization is seen as a threat to the way of life of a Muslim ”. In the face of such persistent orthodoxy all the reforms of the 19th century generally have been reverting to more fundamentalism rather than modernization. Two such reforms were the Wahabis and Tabligis.

The Wahabis

The Wahabi movement started in Saudi Arabia in the 18th century by Muhammad ibn-Abd-al-Wahab (1703–1792) regards all other religions as heretical and thus intolerant towards them. The Indian Wahabi movement was founded by Syed Ahmed Brelavi (1789-1831) belonging to Rai Baraili.
When he saw Islam drifting towards superstitions and exaggerated veneration of saints and prophets, he steered Islam to its more fundamental roots similar to the Arabian Wahabi movement. However, the Brelavi Wahabis had no direct contact with their counterparts in Arabia. Its aim was to establish Muslim sovereignty in India or a “ Dar-ul-Islam ”.

Though the Wahabis took part in fighting the British, the basic tenet of the movement did not change, that is to establish Muslim supremacy over all of India. Influenced by the Wahabi movement, two other fundamentalist movements came into existence. Shariatullah started Fairazi movement in attempt to aid the poor peasants in Bengal against the oppressive zamindars. Soon this became an anti-Hindu movement as well. More significant was the second movement called the Deoband. They established the Muslim schools for education, the model of which is still followed in the
madrassahs around the Muslim world. These Deoband faction attracted students from all over the Muslim world.
Financed by the rich Muslim Arab nations, fundamentalism was institutionalized in these schools. In India there is an undercurrent of discord between the Deoband faction and the Brelavi Wahabis, mainly due to the financial disparity. In course of time the movements started as reform of Muslims shifted course and has been preoccupied with power and control of the populous.

The Tabligis
It was due to the CORONA-VIRUS that my mind was shifted to know more and more about the TABLIGHIS. I did NOT hear to this community all THOUGH and all BY-PASS means and the ways to know about them and learn about them. If it was NOT being SUBJECTED to the ALL-ROUND-NEWS that ws always aired and telecast by the ZEE-TV, I would not have come at all the know about them .Once I was aware of it I made a study to understand the Tablighis and whatever little that I have learned is put here.
Dayanand Saraswati : Reformer Who tried To Reconvert The Converted Muslims to Hindus

Dayananda Saraswati’s Arya Samaj targeted Muslim converts and attempted a purification drive (shuddhikaran). As a response Maulana Iliyas of Mewat in Rajastan started the Tabligi movement in 1927.
The Hindu converts were practicing a mixed form of Islam as they were culturally more Hindu than Muslim. Maulana Iliyas started his movement to transform these converts into ‘complete Muslims’ and put forward the slogan, ‘Aye Musalmano! Musalman bano’ (O Muslims! Be Muslims). True Islamic teachings and practices were taught in an uncompromising way. Initially localized to Mewat, the movement caught on and spread rapidly after the death of the Maulana.

The Tabligis follow strict codes of the Islamic law. They are bound by the religious dogma, dressing patterns, detailed methods of religious practices. Meetings of thousands of Muslim gatherings (Jama’at) are held where minute details of the religious practices are taught for Muslims to follow. Half the populations of Muslims in the subcontinent are now adherents of this movement. Though apolitical in its organization, they have a capacity of mobilizing a large number of Muslims at short notice to gather.

More moderate reforms of the Islamic religion also occurred simultaneously. The adherents of such reforms are much less in number today. The Aligarh and the Ahmedia movements are the two main moderate attempts at reform.

The Aligarh Movement

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (1817-1891) attempted a social upsurge amongst the Indian Muslims with his so-called Aligarh movement. His main contribution was to enhance education with starting of many schools and colleges. Much importance was given to Urdu language. He undertook reconciliation between Islam and Christianity and he pointedly showed the similarities between the two religions. He even published a sympathetic study of the Bible.
The recent case of the Palghar incident is the culmination of the Christians and the Muslims who are backed by the COMMUNIST and the LEFT PARTIES of India pooling themselves and KILLING the THREE-INNOCENT SAINT
The amalgamation of the THOUGHT that followd at palghar where the TWO communities amalgamated is due to this ALIGARH movement .Since this part is very closely connected to the Vidharbha region and since I hail from that region I can safely say that this region  which at one p[point of a time had as many villages with about 95% of the HINDUS but from the very LOWEST strata of the SOCIETY now has ONLY 10% or even LESS than that of the HINDUS because the remaining have been FORCED converted either into CHRISTIANS or in MUSLIMS, both the community agreeing to each other and giving the space to them to convert without any difficulties

Urdu translation of books on western arts and sciences were done by a translation society founded by him ie by Mr Sayeed Khan. Despite all the successful launching of social reforms, 
Sir Syed failed to bring about much needed moderation of the religion such as women’s education and the purdah system for oppressed women. Only the education of upper and middle class and has been criticized for not going far enough with his reforms of the entire Muslim society.

The Ahmedias :: Opposed To Jihad

Founded in 1889 by
Mirza Ghulam Ahmed, the movement was based on universal religion of all communities. It spread western liberal education among Muslims by starting a number of schools and colleges. It was opposed to Jihad but at the same time infused vigorous religious spirit among Muslims. It is the most closely knit and organized group of Muslims in the country. Its perceived mysticism was its downfall.

The Aga Khan’s Flock :: The Invent Of The Bohra Community


 
Apart from the Sunnis (the followers of Omar, the Caliph) and Shiites, (followers of Ali, Prophet’s son in law) there is another sect in Indian subcontinent called the
Aga Khanis. It is the Nizari Ismaili community with Aga Khan as their Imam. It originated as a splinter group of Shi’ite sect, when they accepted Ismail as the seventh Imam instead of his brother. They trace an unbroken line of Imams up to the current day Aga Khan (Prince Karim), who is 49th in succession. Many Shiite sects refused to accept any Imams after the elevnth Imam died without an heir.

 In this way the Nizari Ismailis are different. Thirteen generation after Ali, the Shiite sect further divided between followers of Nizar and his brother (later came to be known as Bohra community). Nizari Ismailis follow Aga Khan as their leader and celebrate his birthday as a holy day rather than the Muharram, which most of the Shiites celebrate as a holy day because of the death anniversary of Hussein, son of Ali.

Followers of Aga Khan are more westernized than any other Muslim community. Most of the recent Aga Khans have been educated in England. Thousand years ago they were rivals of the caliphate of Baghdad and ruled as the Fatimid caliphate of Cairo. After the decline of their influence in Egypt and Asia, they remained in Persia until 1840, when the 46th Imam was forced to leave Persia. They then moved to India and Pakistan where they formed an amicable relationship with the British. They were not accepted into Mecca and did not undertake pilgrimage.. The Aga Khans were also accused of mishandling the Nizari finances in 1905 though they won a court battle in this regard. However, the modernization of the religion by the Aga Khans did not sit well in the Muslim world. The Nizari Ismailis of Gujarat are called Khojas.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, for example, Indian Nizaris often deemed it necessary to consult Hindu texts as well as The Holy Koran (which is of course their primary Book); in fact even today a fair number of Aga-Khanis enjoy and derive some inspiration from the Bhagavad-Gita.  That is why all of a SUDDEN we could see a ISLAMIS PROPHET saying that ISLAM IS NOTHING BUT THE APPLICATION OF BHAGWAD GEETA on a popular TV which infact is a NATIONAL TV CHANNEL  Unlike other Muslims, they
sometimes sing hymns during their services, usually in an Indian language such as Gujarati. In addition, many Nizaris believe that reincarnation of souls is possible under certain circumstances. Mostly these are Muslims who embrace Sufism.  Once out of the “ BLUE ” and to the “ SURPRISE ” of “ MANY ”, an attempt was once made to categorize Hazrat Ali as the tenth avatar of Vishnu by Aga Khan though they no longer believe this.

As a result of the rift between the reformers and the orthodox sections of the religion, many deserted and joined other Shiite sect, thus becoming indistinguishable from them. It was thought that only about four million Muslims remained faithful to Aga Khan. However, after the breakup of the Soviet Union and birth of independent countries like Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan where many Aga Khanis were found to be followers of the faith. Now it is believed that there are about 20 million followers.

Other attempts

Other attempts have been made to modernize the religious practices with varying effects. Shibli Numani attempted Muslims to adopt a more flexible attitude towards Hindus and accept new ideas, but failed. Barruddin Tyebji (1844-1906) attempted to do away with the Purdah in Bombay. Moves toward re-interpretation of scriptures, history and behavior have been attempted by Hali and more recently by
Maulana Vahiddudin Khan.

Traditional Muslim forces are too strong to allow any radical changes in the socio-religious front. Unlike Hindu reforms, real radical reforms of Islam have remained a dream of certain individuals over the course of history. Phadke wrote in 1989 that “ So tight has been the hold of orthodoxy on the Muslim mind that nowhere in India has Muslim society been so far able to support a vocal group of liberal Muslims committed to modern values. There has been no serious attempt of a thorough critical appraisal of their heritage”. After Indian Independence the reform of the Islam has become even more difficult as any attempt is viewed with suspicion because of the minority status of the Muslims.

Another moderate Muslim movement attempting to reform is the Bohra Reformist Group. Bohras are mainly business people mostly in the hardware and gun smithy. This is a modern movement attempting to soften the authority of the religious leaders on the religion. Started by Engineer, Contractor and Poonawala they have even attempted to interpret Koran in the perspective of a Christian liberal theology. THIS IS THE reason THAT WHEN A Christian finds it very hard to convert a Hindu into Christians they pass on this “LEAD” to the Muslims to try their hand and convert them.
The CONVERSION of the “HINDUS” into the “MUSLIMS” has taken a FIVE-HUNDRED-PERCENT-DRIVE ever since 2004 when Sonia Gandhi was HOLDING the Congress well out of the curtain then . It was very EVIDENT the way the CONVERSIONS were done at ALL-PLACES-AT-INDIA by the Christians especially the IMPOVERISHED HINDUS who were converted into Christians. A HINDU-MAHASANGH Leader by the name of Dara Singh at Orissa first WARNED the Christians NOT to do that in his village but when they DAMN-GAVE-A-HOOT, he LYNCHED a family of Christians who were from Australia doing this business  This is the REAL STORY

Muslim influx and influence in India started almost at the inception of the religion.When did the religion of the Islam start is not known to me and I do not have a note or any record of the same but it dates back to the era when Jesus Christ was born at Bethelhem as they say. That is the only statement I can put.
7th Century it was when the conversion started
 The traders from Arabia were frequent visitors to the Indian subcontinent even before Prophet Muhammad revealed the Koran. They brought the word of Muhammad to India in the 7th century and this resulted in some peaceful conversions of Hindus to Islam.Hypnotising the indian swho were promised of the MOON and the exchange of some gift on a BARTER SYSTEMS there were many Hindus who were NOT actually good enough to maintain themselves got themselves converted.
Mohammed-Ibn-Quasim ; The Staert Was Laid
 Following this, Mohammad-ibn-Quasim in the year 712 A.D conquered the Province of Sindh. In a battle which was very toxic and which still does not finds any great importance but the event  was SO GREAT that to exercise his control Mohammed Quasim got many Hindus then and many Indians converted into Islam.
However, this event in history does not seem to have influenced India as much as expected. However the FIRST of many a CRUEL invasion that included LOOT, ARSONING, BURNING and more HEINOUS the RSAPE and the FORCED-CONVERSION by Mehmood Ghaznavi was the start of the PERILS of the HINDUISM and Indians.
Thereafter came Mohammed Ghori and that was the time when the Mughals/Muslims and the FOREIGN invasion started taking ppalce one-by-one and that was the moment when slowly the HINDUISM in it’s WORST started losing the presence and it’s IMPORTANCE in India.
 Beginning with the invasion of Mohammad of Ghazni in the 10th century, followed by a barrage of invaders from Persia, Turkey and Afghanistan in the 11th and 12th centuries, a full force of Islam was thrust upon India.
“ Forcible conversions of people of other faiths with inducements as well as unfair taxation resulted in spread of the Islam in Hindustan ”. The British conquest in India that started insidiously with the establishment of the East India Company, eventually usurped the Muslim stronghold of India, in the 18th century.

Today there are more than a quarter of a billion Muslims living in the Indian subcontinent (India, Pakistan and Bangladesh). This area of the Muslim with the HUGE Hindu population is seen by the ANTI-HINDU BELIEF and the people out to WRECK it as the MOST- GREEN-VALLEY for spreading the Islam all through the WORLD
The Greatest Populated area Of Muslims In The World
 A total of about 40 crores of the Muslims at India, about 18 crores to 20 crores of the Pakistani Muslims and about 18 crores of the Bangladeshi Muslims, if added results into 76 crores of the Muslims out of a 128 crores that exists in the WORLD, makes this area to more than a quarter of the total Muslim population of the world. Muslims form about THIRTY percent of the Indian population.  Of it there are about 10 crores of ILLEGLE MUSLIMS residing at india which amounts to about 25% out of the entire population of the Muslims who are illegle and who are actually the DE-STABILISING DE-FACTO of the country that we call it as India.
Existence of Islam and Broad-Basement of the MUSLIMS in India.
It is NOT that the religion Islam did stretch itself in India without the Indians and the Hindu’s pouring into it. There are many example. Tippu Sultan could NOT and would NOT have been able to  extend himself and his base at South-India if not that Brahmin who was known as PUNDIT PURNAYYA  could put his knowledge and the inputs to him to rule Mysore. Many a Islamic/Mughals could stabilize themselves and make themselves STRONG with the BRAIN of the Hindus making them very powerful-and-strong The classis example was the NAV-RATNA in which the TWO- RATNA were the Hindus, Raja Todar Mal and BIRBAL .
It is unique that the Muslim population of India has been influenced by the Hindu religion throughout history. “ Sufism ”, for example is an adaptation of Vedanta. Over many centuries, Islam in India has undergone several attempts at reforms, some towards modernization and some leaning more towards fundamentalism.
Classes- Distinct and sub categorized :: “ ASHRAF ” , “ AJLAF ”
Knowing very less about the “MUSLIMS” but making a detailed and an INTENSIVE study about them, what I could learn and find out that LIKE India and the Hindus the Muslims too are sub-divided and categorized and some of the examples are there to prove the points but I shall lay over here which exists here at India.
The Muslims in India are categorized into two distinct classes based on their origins. This is similar to the caste system of Hinduism (so called
Varnashrama). Muslims are broadly divided into two groups, namely, Ashraf and Ajlaf.
Ashraf are again grouped as Sayyeds, Sheikhs, Mughals and Pathans. The “ Sayyeds ” are said to be descendents of the Prophet and regarded in high esteem. The Sheikhs are of Arab descent and are next in line in prestige. The Mughals are descendents of the greatest Muslim rulers of India, the Mughals and occupy third place. Pathans including Sepahis hail from the northwestern regions including Afghanistan and form the last group of Ashraf.
“ Ailaf ” :: Indians forcibly CONVERTED and considered to be the “ INFERIORS ”
The Ajlaf on the other hand are the Indian converts and are considered to be of common ancestry. They are considered to be of inferior class when compared to the Ashraf.
Raja ram Mohan Roy : Brahmo Samaj Founded and Cultural Reforms Starts At India.
India was reeling under a heavy duress from the end of the seventeenth century and to the start of the Nineteen century. On the one- we had the trouble some Islamic movement in terms of the CRUEL MUSLIM RULERS ruling India in which FORCED-CONVERSION, “ DEATH-LIKE-TAXATION ” and “ SOCIAL PUNISHMENT ” was enforced upon the Indians by those who ruled India. The MOST HEINOUS was the “ SATI ” that was absolutely INHUMAN to say the least.

Nineteenth century the advent of it and the one’s who could comply with the British rule to realign them with India India saw great socio-religious reform in Hinduism. The reform movements of Rajaram Mohan Roy in 1827 first started the abolition of Sati and recognition of widow marriage as well as education of women by founding of his Brahmo Samaj in Bengal.
Many reform movements followed this, significantly the Prarthana Samaj started by Keshab Chandra Sen in 1867 (later popularized by G.M. Ranade and Bhandarkar), Arya Samaj established in 1875 by Dayananda Saraswati and Ramakrishna Mission of Vivekananda. The Theosophical Society of Colonel Cleott popularized by Annie Besant in 1886 in Madras, the Rehnumai Mazdayasan Sabha of the Parsees established by Dadabhai Navaroji in 1851 in Bombay and the Sri Narayan Dharma Paripalan Yogam started by Sri Narayana Guru in 1903 in Travancore were some other reform movements of late 19th century. All these reforms were attempts at steering the Hindu religion towards Vedanta, which is the backbone of its philosophy.
Islam : “ RIGID ” to any changes
Islam and the followers of the Islam are very RIGID. Be it their BELIEF, be it their IMAGINATION be it their THINKING , they are VERY “ HARD-CORE ” and very RIGID to accept anything in terms of the CHANGE with it boils down to Islam . They DO -NOT even understand and try to understand when it comes to change themselves from that laid back stagnation  that pushes them back when it boils down to change themselves if that is connected with their religion .This is ONE REASON why the ISLAMIC SOULS are very far and lagging behind.

Unlike Hinduism, which is flexible and amenable to reform, Islam is rigid and difficult to change. Criticism of old archaic practices is shunned and viewed as anti- Muslim rhetoric.  Modernization is seen as a threat to the way of life of a Muslim ”. In the face of such persistent orthodoxy all the reforms of the 19th century generally have been reverting to more fundamentalism rather than modernization. Two such reforms were the Wahabis and Tabligis.

The Wahabis

The Wahabi movement started in Saudi Arabia in the 18th century by Muhammad ibn-Abd-al-Wahab (1703–1792) regards all other religions as heretical and thus intolerant towards them. The Indian Wahabi movement was founded by Syed Ahmed Brelavi (1789-1831) belonging to Rai Baraili.
When he saw Islam drifting towards superstitions and exaggerated veneration of saints and prophets, he steered Islam to its more fundamental roots similar to the Arabian Wahabi movement. However, the Brelavi Wahabis had no direct contact with their counterparts in Arabia. Its aim was to establish Muslim sovereignty in India or a “ Dar-ul-Islam ”.

Though the Wahabis took part in fighting the British, the basic tenet of the movement did not change, that is to establish Muslim supremacy over all of India. Influenced by the Wahabi movement, two other fundamentalist movements came into existence. Shariatullah started Fairazi movement in attempt to aid the poor peasants in Bengal against the oppressive zamindars. Soon this became an anti-Hindu movement as well. More significant was the second movement called the Deoband. They established the Muslim schools for education, the model of which is still followed in the
madrassahs around the Muslim world. These Deoband faction attracted students from all over the Muslim world.
Financed by the rich Muslim Arab nations, fundamentalism was institutionalized in these schools. In India there is an undercurrent of discord between the Deoband faction and the Brelavi Wahabis, mainly due to the financial disparity. In course of time the movements started as reform of Muslims shifted course and has been preoccupied with power and control of the populous.

The Tabligis
It was due to the CORONA-VIRUS that my mind was shifted to know more and more about the TABLIGHIS. I did NOT hear to this community all THOUGH and all BY-PASS means and the ways to know about them and learn about them. If it was NOT being SUBJECTED to the ALL-ROUND-NEWS that ws always aired and telecast by the ZEE-TV, I would not have come at all the know about them .Once I was aware of it I made a study to understand the Tablighis and whatever little that I have learned is put here.
Dayanand Saraswati : Reformer Who tried To Reconvert The Converted Muslims to Hindus

Dayananda Saraswati’s Arya Samaj targeted Muslim converts and attempted a purification drive (shuddhikaran). As a response Maulana Iliyas of Mewat in Rajastan started the Tabligi movement in 1927.
The Hindu converts were practicing a mixed form of Islam as they were culturally more Hindu than Muslim. Maulana Iliyas started his movement to transform these converts into ‘complete Muslims’ and put forward the slogan, ‘Aye Musalmano! Musalman bano’ (O Muslims! Be Muslims). True Islamic teachings and practices were taught in an uncompromising way. Initially localized to Mewat, the movement caught on and spread rapidly after the death of the Maulana.

The Tabligis follow strict codes of the Islamic law. They are bound by the religious dogma, dressing patterns, detailed methods of religious practices. Meetings of thousands of Muslim gatherings (Jama’at) are held where minute details of the religious practices are taught for Muslims to follow. Half the populations of Muslims in the subcontinent are now adherents of this movement. Though apolitical in its organization, they have a capacity of mobilizing a large number of Muslims at short notice to gather.

More moderate reforms of the Islamic religion also occurred simultaneously. The adherents of such reforms are much less in number today. The Aligarh and the Ahmedia movements are the two main moderate attempts at reform.

The Aligarh Movement

Sir Syed Ahmed Khan (1817-1891) attempted a social upsurge amongst the Indian Muslims with his so-called Aligarh movement. His main contribution was to enhance education with starting of many schools and colleges. Much importance was given to Urdu language. He undertook reconciliation between Islam and Christianity and he pointedly showed the similarities between the two religions. He even published a sympathetic study of the Bible.
The recent case of the Palghar incident is the culmination of the Christians and the Muslims who are backed by the COMMUNIST and the LEFT PARTIES of India pooling themselves and KILLING the THREE-INNOCENT SAINT
The amalgamation of the THOUGHT that followd at palghar where the TWO communities amalgamated is due to this ALIGARH movement .Since this part is very closely connected to the Vidharbha region and since I hail from that region I can safely say that this region  which at one p[point of a time had as many villages with about 95% of the HINDUS but from the very LOWEST strata of the SOCIETY now has ONLY 10% or even LESS than that of the HINDUS because the remaining have been FORCED converted either into CHRISTIANS or in MUSLIMS, both the community agreeing to each other and giving the space to them to convert without any difficulties
Urdu translation of books on western arts and sciences were done by a translation society founded by him ie by Mr Sayeed Khan. Despite all the successful launching of social reforms, Sir Syed failed to bring about much needed moderation of the religion such as women’s education and the purdah system for oppressed women. Only the education of upper and middle class and has been criticized for not going far enough with his reforms of the entire Muslim society.

The Ahmedias :: Opposed To Jihad

Founded in 1889 by
Mirza Ghulam Ahmed, the movement was based on universal religion of all communities. It spread western liberal education among Muslims by starting a number of schools and colleges. It was opposed to Jihad but at the same time infused vigorous religious spirit among Muslims. It is the most closely knit and organized group of Muslims in the country. Its perceived mysticism was its downfall.

The Aga Khan’s Flock :: The Invent Of The Bohra Community

Apart from the Sunnis (the followers of Omar, the Caliph) and Shiites, (followers of Ali, Prophet’s son in law) there is another sect in Indian subcontinent called the
Aga Khanis. It is the Nizari Ismaili community with Aga Khan as their Imam. It originated as a splinter group of Shi’ite sect, when they accepted Ismail as the seventh Imam instead of his brother. They trace an unbroken line of Imams up to the current day Aga Khan (Prince Karim), who is 49th in succession. Many Shiite sects refused to accept any Imams after the elevnth Imam died without an heir.
 In this way the Nizari Ismailis are different. Thirteen generation after Ali, the Shiite sect further divided between followers of Nizar and his brother (later came to be known as Bohra community). Nizari Ismailis follow Aga Khan as their leader and celebrate his birthday as a holy day rather than the Muharram, which most of the Shiites celebrate as a holy day because of the death anniversary of Hussein, son of Ali.

Followers of Aga Khan are more westernized than any other Muslim community. Most of the recent Aga Khans have been educated in England. Thousand years ago they were rivals of the caliphate of Baghdad and ruled as the Fatimid caliphate of Cairo. After the decline of their influence in Egypt and Asia, they remained in Persia until 1840, when the 46th Imam was forced to leave Persia. They then moved to India and Pakistan where they formed an amicable relationship with the British. They were not accepted into Mecca and did not undertake pilgrimage.. The Aga Khans were also accused of mishandling the Nizari finances in 1905 though they won a court battle in this regard. However, the modernization of the religion by the Aga Khans did not sit well in the Muslim world. The Nizari Ismailis of Gujarat are called Khojas.

During the 16th and 17th centuries, for example, Indian Nizaris often deemed it necessary to consult Hindu texts as well as The Holy Koran (which is of course their primary Book); in fact even today a fair number of Aga-Khanis enjoy and derive some inspiration from the Bhagavad-Gita.  That is why all of a SUDDEN we could see a ISLAMIS PROPHET saying that ISLAM IS NOTHING BUT THE APPLICATION OF BHAGWAD GEETA on a popular TV which infact is a NATIONAL TV CHANNEL  Unlike other Muslims, they sometimes sing hymns during their services, usually in an Indian language such as Gujarati. In addition, many Nizaris believe that reincarnation of souls is possible under certain circumstances. Mostly these are Muslims who embrace Sufism.  Once out of the “ BLUE ” and to the “ SURPRISE ” of “ MANY ”, an attempt was once made to categorize Hazrat Ali as the tenth avatar of Vishnu by Aga Khan though they no longer believe this.

As a result of the rift between the reformers and the orthodox sections of the religion, many deserted and joined other Shiite sect, thus becoming indistinguishable from them. It was thought that only about four million Muslims remained faithful to Aga Khan. However, after the breakup of the Soviet Union and birth of independent countries like Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan where many Aga Khanis were found to be followers of the faith. Now it is believed that there are about 20 million followers.

Other attempts

Other attempts have been made to modernize the religious practices with varying effects. Shibli Numani attempted Muslims to adopt a more flexible attitude towards Hindus and accept new ideas, but failed. Barruddin Tyebji (1844-1906) attempted to do away with the Purdah in Bombay. Moves toward re-interpretation of scriptures, history and behavior have been attempted by Hali and more recently by
Maulana Vahiddudin Khan.

Traditional Muslim forces are too strong to allow any radical changes in the socio-religious front. Unlike Hindu reforms, real radical reforms of Islam have remained a dream of certain individuals over the course of history. Phadke wrote in 1989 that “ So tight has been the hold of orthodoxy on the Muslim mind that nowhere in India has Muslim society been so far able to support a vocal group of liberal Muslims committed to modern values. There has been no serious attempt of a thorough critical appraisal of their heritage”. After Indian Independence the reform of the Islam has become even more difficult as any attempt is viewed with suspicion because of the minority status of the Muslims.

Another moderate Muslim movement attempting to reform is the Bohra Reformist Group. Bohras are mainly business people mostly in the hardware and gun smithy. This is a modern movement attempting to soften the authority of the religious leaders on the religion. Started by Engineer, Contractor and Poonawala they have even attempted to interpret Koran in the perspective of a Christian liberal theology. THIS IS THE reason THAT WHEN A Christian finds it very hard to convert a Hindu into Christians they pass on this “LEAD” to the Muslims to try their hand and convert them.
The CONVERSION of the “HINDUS” into the “MUSLIMS” has taken a FIVE-HUNDRED-PERCENT-DRIVE ever since 2004 when Sonia Gandhi was HOLDING the Congress well out of the curtain then . It was very EVIDENT the way the CONVERSIONS were done at ALL-PLACES-AT-INDIA by the Christians especially the IMPOVERISHED HINDUS who were converted into Christians. A HINDU-MAHASANGH Leader by the name of Dara Singh at Orissa first WARNED the Christians NOT to do that in his village but when they DAMN-GAVE-A-HOOT, he LYNCHED a family of Christians who were from Australia doing this business  This is the REAL STORY.

In the 1970’s a reformist named Hamid Dalwai made a serious attempt at modernizing Islam in India. He proposed abandonment of purdah and more freedom to women among the Maharashtra Sunni Muslim community. For this effort he was branded as heretic and his movement did not survive after his death. Dalwai’s movement was called Muslim Satayshodhak Mandal (MSM). Many more similar attempts have so far failed to produce significant results in reforming the socio-religious aspect of Islam in India. The fundamentalism is readily accepted whereas the moderate reforms are shunned.

The Future
Time IMMEMORIAL there have been many a REFORMERS who have tried their best to bring about a REFORM of the Muslims and mingle them with the way the world had and has MODERNISED but to no avail.
The RIGID who call themselves as the SAVIOURS and the MESSIAHS of the MUSLIMS just do not allow it and they go to the extent of either liquidating or KILLING them who try to do that. This is ONE of the REASON that the Arabic World like Syria, Iraq, Yemen to name a few and even Turkey which is in Europe has FAILED to come up to showcase the Muslims, original in their COUNTRY anywhere near to the Europeans that RESIDE in Turkey.

Any attempt to bring the religion in par with the modern scientific world is perceived as a threat to Islamic identity. Religion is law in Islam and any change is thought to be breech of faith and belief.  This is the MINDSET which has been implanted to the Muslims ever since they are born.
That is why we see and find the Muslims so RIGID and SO- HARD-BOILED when it comes to anything like that. They SIMPLY are NOT bound to change because of the MOULDINGS in a WRONG manner RIGHTLY implanted into their mind.
They see the HINDUS as the ONLY-POTENTIAL-THREAT-AND-THE- THORN which they believe is making them as the SLAVES to the Western Christians and they believe that if the entire country of India could be converted into Islam by any means or mode then ISLAM WILL RULE THE WORLD.
It may happen in India that the ENTIRE INDIA that could be converted into Islam within  some time because of the FOOLISH-SLEEPING-PILLS that we have in Maya, Mamta, Sonia, Left-Right, Congress, Akhilesh, Arvind, and many more WHO only THRIVE on these MUSLIMS for their BREATHE and EXISTENCE but if they TRY and DARE try with the Christians of the West THEY WILL SOON BE VANQUISHED without any trace of them being left here as any LEFTOVERS.
Sir Syed (Aligarh Movement) was called a kafir or infidel for his attempts and Dalwai (MSM) was branded as munafique or a heretic. Religion forms an integral part of the day-to-day practice of Islam that any reform devoid of religion is bound to fail. At the same time the injudicious reliance on religion can result in extreme fundamentalism like the Wahabi or directionless organization of the Tablig Jamaat. Being a minority status in India has resulted in any attempt at modernization to be called as an attempt at ‘ Hindu-isation’ of Islam. Even the purdah system is defended as a religious identity, discarding the humanitarian aspect and discrimination.

Somehow a middle ground has to be sought both by the minority Muslims and the majority Hindus in India. There has to be an exchange of moderate ideas in a non-religious context that does not cross the line of infuriating the religious faction.
From a distance this looks like an impossible feat as both sides have vowed not to give  or concede an inch. This rigidity has made the clash of two of the great religions all the more difficult to avoid. The divergent paths followed by both in their philosophy and theosophy seems to be drifting apart at a rapid pace.
Regards
Pic::

Shyamal Bhattacharjee
Mr Shyamal Bhattacharjee, the author was born at West Chirimiri Colliery at District Surguja, Chattisgarh on July 6th 1959 He received his early education at Carmel Convent School Bishrampur and later at Christ Church Boys' Higher Secondary School at Jabalpur. He later joined Hislop College at Nagpur and completed his graduation in Science and he also added a degree in    B A thereafter. He joined the HITAVADA, a leading dailies of Central India at Nagpur as a      Sub-Editor ( Sports ) but gave up to complete his MBA in 1984 He thereafter added a Diploma In Export Management. He has authored THREE books namely Notable Quotes and Noble Thought published by Pustak Mahal in 2001 Indian Cricket : Faces That Changed It  published by Manas Publications in 2009 and Essential Of Office Management published by NBCA, Kolkatta  in 2012. He has a experience of about 35 years in Marketing .





 






Comments