India China Border “ Jostle ” :: Many Bristles in the offing of the " SEVEN " flash points



Pic :: India China Relationship 
India China Border “ Jostle ” :: Many Bristles in the offing
Seven Flash Points Between India and China
It was the beginning of the year 1953 when the Prime Minister of India then Mr Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru  once for all decided that there should be an ABSOLUTE PEACE here on the EARTH and that India ought to take the initiative for the same . It was his very close aide and the Defense Minister of India thereafter Mr V . Krishna Menon had advised Mr Nehru that in any case he should MOOT the move to bring about a few countries including China to form an association of the nation headed by India and to build a group of nation who would be together at every critical hour to jointly dispel the move of aggression by any countries.
WHY WAS THIS MOVE “ MOOTED ”
Infact there is a story to it. It was in 1948 when Pakistan all of a sudden initiated such a vigorous attack on India and they wanted to take away Kashmir from India. The attack was absolutely BRUTAL and RUTHLESS from the Pakistani end to which the Indian Army courtesy JADUNATH SINGH who was awarded the FIRST PARAM VIR CHAKRA ie he was the FIRST receipient of the HIGHEST Military Award of India the PARAM VIR CHAKRA He stopped the Pakistani’s making an inroad further in Kashmir and then Mr Sen a HIGHLY placed Indian Military Officer under Mr Carriappa then, took it over from there and the Pakistani’s Army as well as the infiltrators were driven away.
However by then a chunk of the portion of Kashmir was taken away by Pakistan.Mr Carriappa then met Mr Nehru to say him – GIVE ME ONLY A WEEK. PoK will be OURS’ and Pakistan will NEVER exists in the map of the world he explained it to Mr Nehru.
Lord Mountbatten’s MORSE game and dirty play
Lord Mountbatten knew that without India and her resources Great Britain which was devastated after the World War-II would not survive. The English since 1600 AD when they started LOOTING India after establishing their EAST INDIA COMPANY were on a LOOT SPREE here. Still they knew that the India post 1947 had ENOUGH in it’s store as a resource and wealth and if those were looted, it would help Britain to survive and rein-furbish and reestablish their national economy which were at it’s nadir after Britain’s World War-II.
Lord Mounbatten knew that Britain was going back to Britain after the War only to put them into the paddle to start cycling. Once done it would again come back to India. If they come back and if they DO NOT FIND Pakistan and the Muslim in a TANGLE-cum-LOGGERHEADS then their EASE to rule India would be done away with.
Keeping that in mind he advised Nehru- You are a leader of an INTERNATIONAL standard and  you deserve the NOBEL PRIZE for PEACE. If you declare a CEASE-FIRE now and end the war game with Pakistan I would direct the BRITISH AUTHORITY to fight NAILS-AND-DOGS with all the TEETH into that to confer you the INTERNATIONAL PEACE AWARD – THE “NOBEL”
This turned Nehru that he gave a DAMN to everything and called in for a cease-fire and that portion of Kashmir became the PoK for Pakistan.That is how we LOST the PoK to Pakistan which in FACT is OUR land and WE OUGHT TO GET IT BACK AT ANY COST.
Having compelled Nehru to end the war, Britain and Mr Mountbatten NEVER did make any attempt for Mr Nehru to get that NOBEL PRIZE and NIETHER did the Nobel Prize authorities ever think of conferring him with that kind of an award.
Mr Nehru ever since was “ FORBES-LICIOUS ” to win that award.
To be short and precise, Pakistan due to that OPEN HEARTED attitude of Mr Nehru went on to annex the PoK , a part of Kashmir which they named it as PoK . It was here tat Mr Carriappa had said Mr Nehru that-  GIVE ME ONLY A SEVEN DAYS OF TIME.NIETHER PAKISTAN NOR ANYTHING  AS SUCH RELATING TO PAKISTAN , THERE WILL REMAIN ON THE MAP OF THE WORLD. . Mr Carriappa  fought the TOOTH-AND-THE-NAIL-BATTLE to save Kashmirand Kashmir was saved from going to Pakistan,  but the crux was that PoK was seized by Pakistan.In other words the part of Kashmir seized away by Pakistan which Pakistan later started  calling it the PoK  and it was NO-MORE the Indian territory.At this point of the time Mr Cariappa directed Nehru to give him only “ SEVEN ” days of time . “ GIVE ME A WEEK AND THERE WILL BE NO PAKISTAN IN THIS EARTH ” he said.
The ever CLEVER-WILY-AND-FOXY, Mr Mountbatten when he came to learn and know about this he approached Nehru and said him- DECLARE THE CEASE FIRE.If you do it NOW you will be the RECEIPIENT of the Nobel Prize award
OTHER WITCHFUL PLAN OF LORD MOUNTBATTEN
Actually Britain and Lord Mountbatten had other idea. After the World War-II, Great Britain was in tatters. It wanted to re-establish very fast as far as it’s economy was concerned. They INTERNALLY wanted to rule India as they knew that the Indian wealth in abundance which they were LOOTING since 1600AD still had ENOUGH of that to be seized by them to re-establish and refurbish their national economy. In case if PoK was not there and incase if Pakistan was not there in the map then there NEVER would be a INDO-PAK “ DOG-OF-WAR ” as the British would call it .What to do then.BRAINWASH NEHRU and stop the war. If Pakistan exists it would be better for Great Britain again to come back and rule India.That was their thought and with that thought Lord Mountbatten directed Nehru to declare a CEASE-FIRE which Nehru did. The “PoK” since then went to Pakistan and the “ LURE ” to win an International award for PEACE by Nehru then took it over.
Having being into confrontation with Pakistan first, and then that International Prize, the NOBEL haunting him, Nehru thereafter badly wanted to be something different in TERMS of an " APOSTLE OF PEACE " and it was that he wanted to demonstrate the WORLD that there was no  man in this earth like him who was there to redefine the meaning of PEACE. 
 Mr V .K.Krishna Menon advises:: Form the “ PANCHSHEEL ”
It was Mr V.K.Menon who came to know this.He was such a man whom Nehru would believe him even if he had NOT muttered a WORD about anything. When Mr Krish Menon came to know about this, he just said to Mr Nehru- FORM AN ASSOCIATION OF SOME COUNTRIES AND PROMOTE PEACE IN THE REGION AS WELL AS IN THE WORLD.Your initiative will  see you winning that award. This in mind Mr Nehru called in for a  movement in 1954 and  In 1954, India and China enunciated the “ Panchsheel ”, the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence.
Came 1954, the exact date being 29th April 1954 the “ Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet region of China and India ” was signed on 29th April 1954 in Beijing by the Indian Ambassador N. Raghavan and Chang Han-fu, the Chinese Deputy Foreign Minister of China. It is remembered as the Panchsheel Agreement.
One would ask me what were and whare the Panchsheel movement.Well these were the salient features of the Panchsheel movement-::
The basic principles of Panchsheel Agreement are:
·         Mutual non-aggression.
·         Mutual non-interference in domestic systems.
·         Mutual respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
·         Equality and mutual benefit.
·         Peaceful co-existence
PANCHSHEEL SIGNED AND ACCEPTED AS A TREATY-::
During a June visit to India, Chinese Premier Chou En-Lai and Jawaharlal Nehru signed a treaty popularly known as Panchsheel that outlined Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. In October, the prime minister visited Beijing where he attended a banquet in his honour with Chairman Mao-Tse-Tung
Actually India w s very open and very clear on it’s stand about the “ Panchsheel ” movement, but China had it’s hidden agenda. China for it’s populous and ever non-controllable population wanted the extra piece of land for it’s operation on the Army to make it stronger, larger and beside that it always had  an idea in the mind that it would capture certain portion of the land at the places adjoining it.
HONG-KONG AND IT’S REVENUE WERE NOT THE EARNING OF CHINA TILL THEN.
Hongkong which was a part of China was leased to Great Britain for 99 years.Hence the income from Hongkong was not to be shared by China and Britain.That hit China like anything.They wanted to increase their national income beside experimenting on various project within their land which according to them were not GOOD enough to do that .China always wanted to become a MAJOR FORCE. For that it had eyed on it’s Army and it’s Scientist to do the  act hands-in-hands and by will. It required land as well as to do it.
With that intention to hook-and-torque India, it came in for that treaty which then was named as the PANCHSHEEL treaty. After the treaty ws signed it was Mr Nehru who declared that INDIA WILL NEVER RAGE ANY WAR AGAINT ANYBODY AS THE INDIAN INDEPENDENCE WAS OBTAINED THROUGH THE PRINCIPLES OF NON-VIOLENCE.
This open declaration is what the Chinese needed from the Indian leadership. Completely assured of that China always started playing with India and her sentiments and the FIRST to happen and that often happened was the During a June visit to India, Chinese Premier Chou En-Lai and Jawaharlal Nehru signed a treaty popularly known as Panchsheel that outlined Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. In October, the prime minister visited Beijing where he attended a banquet in his honour with Chairman Mao of their Army in the Indian territory and the often incursions that they would do.
China slowly started encroaching the territories one after one.The first to be assaulted and swwoped was Tibet, and then Taiwan. Completely having tasted success they started it n India. Every time that they did that Mr Nehru turned them on the PANCHSHEEL TREATY .However that were not finding any favours from the Chinese as their bent-of-the-mind was always different.It was to slowly annex a part of India from the Arunachal Pradesh, a part of Himachal Pradesh and the entire Sikkim.
The Nathula Pass of India situated at Sikkim would always see the Chinese soldiers getting into India and very often they would put their tents in the form of the Chinese army putting their tents, and practicing all their Army drill which also included TANK-TRAINING . These were often and often done without any fear or any alarm-city and all the cries of the military authorities would fall into the DEAF ears of our leadership as Mr Nehru would rant – HINDI-CHINI-BHAI-BHAI.
China taking the advantage of the situation in and by the end of 1959 started making raods from Peking now  Beijing to Rawalpindi which now is Islamabad and the Pakistani authority would extend them the HEARTIEST of the HEART  welcome for everything that they did.
Pakistan From 1959 is waiting to attack India along with China.
Pakistan infact is waiting for an attack to reinforce themselves with China since 1959.When the Pakistani authorities saw and found that China  was building the means of commute and transport from Peking ( Beijing) then it opened up all it’s gate for them to enter into Pakistan and Islamabad , Rawalpindi then ,  so that the Chinese entry to Pakistan and the Chinese movement at Pakistan is easy.That would also help the Pakistanis to move to China easy and since then Pakistan was always having in it’s mind to attack Kashmir especially that part which we call it Kargil.
Their intentions were if by any mean if they can detach kargil and it’s point from India then it would become very easy for them to control that area to often attack India and in case of any aid or emergency needed they could use the Chinese strength by inviting them to attack India. With that intention Mr Pervez Musharraf attacked Kargil when Mr Nawaz Sheriff was their premier but the Indian Army fighting with BOFORS and all those kind of a LAID-BACK stuff broke the MOUTH of the Pakistani’s and send them back to their hut. About Five Hundred Indian soldiers LOST their life but the Pakistani’s usimng their infiltrators were HOUNDED-POUNDED-and LURCHED like anything for them to remember that for all their life.
 Kargil Loss :: A DREAM “ CRUSH ” For China
Actually when the Kargil war was fought, China was keeping a close-eye on the same. In the meantime just before the war Mr Musharraf was at Beijing meeting the top Chinese authorities. Internally China knew that Kargil would be attacked by Pakistan and they were expecting the Pakistani to win that war.
However the table being turned it gave a BLOW to China. China wanted that part of Kashmir to be swept away by Pakistan because that would have given them a HELLUVA access and control over the Arunachal Pradesh  and then it would have been easy for them to lay their hand on Himachal Pradesh . Though  Sikkim was by 1974 a part of India according to a treaty by the Sikkimese authorities and Mrs India  Gandhi the Chinese had found Indian a CHICKEN to thrawt them at Sikim and often they would encroach and enter Sikkim deep into the nathula and carry on with their Military plans. The Indian leadership would not resist and especially the Congresswere a SLEEPING-DUCK to all the game plans of the Chinese. It was like for them – THESE THINGS HAPPENS NORMALLY AND WE SHOULD NOT BUCKLE-AND-RUCKLE for anything.
This DOUSE of the Congress did put India under the HEAVY WATER but that is how the Congress rules and have been ruling India. .
Mr Nehru from 1959 till about 1962 at times made some calculated attempt to raise the concerns with the Chinese authorities but that did not dtere the Chinese for anything. Herein within the country anything serious about those were put aside by him saying that HINDI-CHINI-BHAI-BHAI and that India’s PRINCIPLES were NON-VIOLENCE and India believes in NON-VIOLENCE.
In 1962 the Chinese authorities to show to the World that they too are a non-violence country and they are not the SIEZERS like the CEASER came to india and spoke on the issue. That was just an eye-wash by them to put the rants of the world in duress to the sand and the witches but internally they had their game plans.
Often and often catapulting of the happenings and the captivations made the Union Defense Minister of that time, Mr Krishna Menon to go to Beijing and once even after a ELEVEN hours of the talks between the two countries and the two leaders when it failed, Mr Krishna Menon lost his composure and BARKED at the Chinese leaders. He was caught and THROWN away from the premises where he was holding the talks with the Chinese leaders then.
Back here – he said to Nehru- WE HAVE TO TEACH THEM A LESSON and Nehru went ahead with that game plan.
AN ILL-TRAINED-AND-TRAINED - UNARMED Indian Army with NO ammunities, NO FACILITIES and NOTHING were forced to take on the People Liberation Army of China. Without any adequate training of HOW-TO-FIGHT-IN-THE-ICE and without any arms at it’s disposal , even without BULLETS required in number, the Indian army fought that battle for about 30 days before the cease-fire was called in for.
Taking the advantage of  every possible drawback that the indian army was holding and KNOWING fully well that THIS IS A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY FOR THEM – the Chinese Army went about in it’s business to completely take away the ASAI-CHIN area from India which ran into 7500 square kilometres. That was in 1962.In all they took away from us about 45,000 square kilometres of land
Pic:: The Disputed Area of India and China 
From and till then China using all it’s MILITARY ADVERTISEMENT till 2012 till the time when the Congress was in power has encroached upon India’s land from all the parts and portion to take away about 85,000 square kilometres of land INDIRECTLY from us under the garb of DISPUTED AREA.
Between 1996 to and till about 2004 China for some reason did put a FULL-STOP of it’s activity to encroach upon the Indian territory but no sooner that the Vajapayee Government was thrown out of the POWER it again fell back to it’s old policy of grabbing the Indian land . Infact under the Congress regime all the Chinese aggression in terms of NOT spilling the BULLETS but grabbing the Indian land exacts upto an amount of 85,000 square kilometres of land continued and Congress NEVER did make an alarm for the same.
Grabbing the land by encroachment
This started at the time when Mr Nehru was at helms in 1962 and it continued till Mr Manmohan Singh was the Prime Minister.This was stopped by the Indian Army and it is being continuously stopped by the Indian Army under the orders served to them by the present Indian Government
Pic:: Why The LAC Often Flares Up 
Now what has happened is that the places till the point where China had encroached the land- it says that it is it’s land and that India uselessly and needlessly enters into it’s land to stop the Chinese to move ahead of it’s plan which could be the building and the constructions, or could be the construction of the dams, or any project which it sees as it’s long term profit venturing business like the erection of the plants for generating the power and electricity.This way China has started many a project in the land that it has taken away by scratching the backs of it’s neighbor. There are about 26 countries that are neighbours of China and China had and has shown it’s Army power by advertisement and by  displaying it’s ammunition like the Tanks, the modern firing guns, and some of it’s ballstic missiles which are short ( SBM)  by nature, to scare the other countries and keep them at bay or make their mouth to remain shut.
Nehru’s “ FOLLY ” and misadventure :: India still counts for the same
Actually China in it’s initial stage was not in a national mood at all to attack India. It’s Army PLA attacked India because India had send a message to them after Mr V Krishna Menon was THROWN OUT of the meeting hall by the then GUARDS who were guarding that hall where the meeting and the rounds of talks were going on between the two nation. ONE SPARK by Mr Menon where he lost his cool was enough for the Chinese to take a pensive stand
Thereafter when the Indian Army and the defense was asked to take their position- a DRILL of the war for TWO different round was taken by the then Chief Of Army Mr Thimappa who could gfeel that thew Indian Army was NOT adapted and DID NOT POSSES to fight the enemy in the CHILL-NAIL-BITING- FREEZING COLD. The kind of attires that were needed and the kind of the Army training beside the ammunition that were needed to fight on the snow and the ice were not there with the Indian Army. Yet when the first of the serious attack came in from China and when they heavily fired and bombarded the Indian area the Army had to plunge into action.
MISTAKE OF INDIA THEN -::
Actually some of the countries like Yugoslavia then under Mr Tito, and some of the countries which were then plagued by the Chinese for it’s incursion to their AREA like Vietnam, Taiwan, Tibet had raised a HUE-AND-CRY about the Chinese ploy at the UN and they also then made the examples of India about how it was encroached by China. The UN assembly and the UNO then in 1961 made a serious attempt to raise this issue with the assembly of the UN and UNO. However the Indian leadership became very hesitant to rake up the issue and put the matter to the UN and the UNO.If India would have done that it could have got all the support from Yugoslavia, Hungary, and some of the Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia , Vietnam to name a few. Even  now Myanmar  whose large area of land is still under China from where the Chinese jhave constructed the road to progress to Islamabad then, would have supported India. However for some unwanted and unknown region Mr Nehru did not take the matter to the houses of the UN and the UNO at all. This gave the leverage to the Chinese.
The After “WAR” Effect :: Nehru Didand “ COMMITTED ”  A “ HISTORICAL ” BLUNDER
After the war was over China had annexed about 7500 square kilometres of the land. It shouted about it but instead Mr Nehru gave ab reply that IT IS A BARREN LAND AND EVEN IF INDIA LOSES THAT AN AREA OF LAND IT HARDLY MATTERS . That set the Chinese tone thereafter saying that INDIA HAS ACCEPTED THAT IT IS NOT WANTING THAT LAND AT ALL. Hence that area of the land now is the Chinese property.
Thereafter there were many an area outside that land where slowly the Chinese had started building it’s presence and every time Mr Nehru kept his mouth shut.One reason could be that India was NOT properly geared up to take on the Chinese then as the Indian Army did not possess that kind of strength, energy and the build-up of the force to take on China. For every action of China when he had to answer to the parliament he kept of SAYING THAT – THE CHINESE ARE PUTTING THEIR FEET AND THEMSELVES IN THE AREA WHICH ARE DISPUTED   This and these words gave the Chinese to say- OK if it is an disputed area then let it be that. The matter shall be decided when it is decided but till then we have the right to use the area. The Indian Government from 1962 to 1996 kept on by passing this and the Chinese npw have taken a complete control of the area. It is such that most of the area that belongs to India for which India either kept on saying that the area is disputed or the Chinese had encroached those, now has become the Chinese area according to them .This is where the Indian leadership had failed then and had always failed.
Actually INDIA is ONE of the LARGEST and the BIGGEST Republic. The other countries between the period of 1958 to 1961 when China was enroching the smaller nations in Asia and certain countries in the world at that time came in for an all out support for India to press it’s claim of the Chinese transgression and the land encroachment case, India showed a cold shoulder .The other sma;ller nation of Asia wanted India to take the lead role in this matter and then they had decided to support India by pressing and placing their facts. India’s cold response and the kind of an advertisement that the Chinese always played with it’s showcasing it’s Army, the internal FRIGHT and the case of meeting the aggression from the Chinese in terms of the military action that it would take, forced everybody to take a back seat.This was again studied in terms of the BEHAVIOUR and it’s SCIENCE by the UN and the UNO and then feeling that India is NOT really interested to fight for it’s case in the UN and the UNO those two bodies too took away and itself for any such studies, their overall interest,  and it’s cases of India for the future and India soon lost it’s importance in the UN and the UNO.
It is only when the Vajapayee Government came into the power and after the Kargil war ws fought that once again India slowly started making the other’s to feel that it was not a docile kind of a nation but was ever ready to prove it’s class and itself. Since then India has been taken seriously by these two bodies and after Mr Donald Trump took over the President of the US, India now finds a PRIME of a place in these  two bodies. In that matter the Government under Mr Modi has done an excellent job in placing India right at the place at both the UN and the UNO.
Ever since then we have been often witnessing that whenever the Chinese feels like to encroach upon our land  for their benefit it does it with GAY ABANDON. It is now that they are facing the retaliation from the Indian Army. Else for all these years the Indians were always at the receiving end and the Chinese continued to do it with gay abandon at all the time.

Since formally establishing diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China in 1950, Indo-China relations have been rather volatile, lacking in confidence, with long-standing and unresolved territorial issues  as I have hereby explained which always proved and proving to be the major sticking point between the neighbours. Even as Prime Minister Narendra Modi and visiting Chinese President Xi Jinping shake hands at the Sabarmati river-frontand then thereafter whenever they did that, the Chinese to show on the face were always a FRIEND but deep inside were NOT and NT at all.,  and as of the things that it stands now, these issues need immediate redresses for any meaningful progress between two of Asia’s biggest economies.
Where and what are the points on which India, Mr Modi, China and the Chinese leaders ought to made the way for a better Indo-Sino and a best possible relationship between the two countries, well these are the places and the points on which they have to do-::
1) Border disputes
Pic : Indian and the Chinese soldiers "DOUSING" the flares at the border 
Probably the biggest sticking point in Sino-Indian relations, border disputes between the two countries have existed since many years, and remain unresolved. While several territorial land pockets (14 divisions) along the 3488-km-long border, (Line of Actual Control) have come under dispute, the two main unresolved issues remain Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh. In 1962, the two countries fought a brief war in Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh, in which the Chinese People’s Liberation Army handed the Indian Army a comprehensive defeat.
Though Aksai Chin is administered by China, India’s official position on the issue is that, by virtue of it being a part of Jammu and Kashmir (Ladakh), the region remains an integral part of India. For China, which claims Aksai Chin as part of its Xinjiang province, the region is of utmost strategic importance as it connects Xinjiang with Tibet.
The other border dispute between the two countries involves the north-east Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. While the Indian side claims Arunachal Pradesh to territorially be an integral part of India, China refers to it as South Tibet, China believes that because of the influence of the Buddhists and it’s population the Arunachal Pradesh and it’s associates that is related to Buddhism makes it natural for them to believe that Arunachal Pradesh is an integral part of China.
 Because of its Tibetan Buddhist affiliations the Chinese maps often include a major part of Arunachal Pradesh (around 90,000 sq. km) as part of their country, which China primarily uses to provoke India.
Pic : Disputed Area That Often Flares Up 
2) Border incursions
An immediate fallout of the several unresolved territorial claims by both nations, border incursions/intrusions have been a major stumbling block to improving relations between India and China. Both countries have been strengthening their military presence along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). While China has deployed close to 300,000 troops (13 full ‘Border Defence Regiments’) India has deployed around 120,000 troops in the Eastern Sector.
Last year, India proceeded to create a new “ mountain strike corps " of about 90,000 troops over five years (90,274 to be precise), nearly half of which will be deployed along the Sino-Indian border by the end of 2016. According to a paper by the Italian School of International Political Studies, India’s military presence is also “supported by two Sukhoi 30 MKI squadrons from Tezpur in Assam. Two more Sukhoi-30 MKI squadrons are in the process of being inducted into the air force structure in the eastern sector ". The paper continues, “ furthermore, six divisions of China’s Reaction Forces are stationed at the southwestern Chinese city of Chengdu, with 24-hour operational readiness and support by airlift capability to transport the troops to the border area within 48 hours ” .
India and China, on various occasions, have played down these incursions by Chinese troops, saying that they occur due to a “ difference in perception or interpretation " about the boundary, which in this case is the Line of Actual Control.
In 2009, China began the practice of issuing stapled visas to residents of Jammu and Kashmir and Arunachal Pradesh, provoking a strong protest from India. It rejected this practice saying these acts by China amounted to questioning India’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. In 2011, China stopped issuing such visas for people from Jammu and Kashmir.
The issue first came to light in 2007, when Ganesh Koyu, a senior IAS officer from Arunachal Pradesh was denied a Chinese visa for a study programme tour to Beijing and Shanghai. China, back then, believed that residents of Arunachal Pradesh did not need travel documents to travel to their country, since it claimed a majority of the Indian state as its own.
However, in the recent past, several sportspersons from Arunachal Pradesh, including weightlifters and archers, have been issued stapled visas by the Chinese embassy, causing further annoyance to India.
4) Tibet
At the very heart of India’s relations with China is the unresolved issue of Tibet. In 1950, Chinese troops invaded Tibet to reclaim and re-assert its sovereignty (Tibet declared independence from China in 1913) over the region, which was confirmed after both parties signed the Seventeen Point Agreement. In 1950, following an uprising in Tibet, the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India, with many of his followers joining him in exile, where he established the Central Tibetan Administration (commonly known as the Tibetan government-in-exile). When the uprising took place, according to a 1959 report in the Xinxua, Chairman Mao Zedong accused India of “aiding the rebels, and that Nehru and the bourgeoisie in India had sought to maintain Tibet as a buffer zone and restore its semi-independent status." In 2003, when then Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee visited Beijing, India recognized the Tibet Autonomous Region as an “ integral " part of the People’s Republic of China.
However, while India’s official position on the Dalai Lama is that it considers him a spiritual leader and an honoured guest, China on the other hand said, “ it opposes any country that provides a platform for his (the Dalai Lama’s) anti-China activities in any form."
5) String of pearls
One of India’s growing concerns in the last decade or so is China’s ever-expanding sphere of geopolitical influence in the Indian Ocean. Dubbed as “ string of pearls " in wonk-speak, it involves the development of commercial ports in various countries as part of its new “ Silk Route ". The route, which China claims as an important trade corridor, extends from its naval base in Hainan Island (South China Sea) to Bagamayo in Tanzania, Africa, with several of the ports encircling mainland India. These include Hambantota (Sri Lanka), Gwadar (Pakistan), Chittagong (Bangladesh) and Marao Atoll (Maldives). Also, besides India, China is the only other country to have a fully functional embassy in Male.
Officially, India does not see these developments as “ competition " between itself and China. China denies that these ports are to be used as naval bases to threaten its neighbour.
The other areas where India and China are engaged in a few bouts of shadow boxing involve increased trade and development projects in Africa and Latin America. India’s trade with Africa is expected to rise to a $100 billion in 2015, while China’s annual trade with Africa is worth $200 billion. In Latin America and the Caribbean, India’s trade rose to $42 billion in 2013, while China, according to China-Latin America Finance Database, committed $100 billion in the region from 2005 to 2013.
6) Water dispute
While China is already involved in several water-sharing disputes with countries like Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam over the Mekong River, its plans to build several dams on the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra (known as Tsangpo in China) hasn’t gone down well with New Delhi. The Brahmaputra, which originates as Tsangpo in Tibet, is one of the major water resources in India’s north-east, especially as a source for irrigation and industry.
China has a unique, exclusivist policy when it comes to sharing natural resources. It follows a doctrine that believes in exclusive use of resources that originate from its soil. India, in the meanwhile, is looking to build 25 hydropower plants in Arunachal Pradesh before China completes its project. India is also concerned about “ a decrease in the flow of the river water " and “ the destruction of the Himalayan ecosystem."
7) Trade imbalance
Trade relations between India and China formally resumed in 1978. Six years later, the two countries signed the most favoured nation (MFN) agreement. India’s trade with China began rather modestly, as low as $2.92 billion in 2000. Eleven years later, it rose to a phenomenal all-time high of $73.9 billion. In 2012, decreasing Indian exports over the previous 12 months meant, it fell to $66.57 billion.
While China is India’s largest trade partner today, concerns about trade imbalance between the two countries remain, with the imbalance skewed in China’s favour. During 2013-14, the trade deficit between the two countries was at $36.22 billion.
Decreasing Indian exports aside, strong Chinese regulatory systems have put off exports from India, especially from sectors like information technology (IT), meat and pharmaceuticals, where India is believed to have the upper hand.
India is an exporter of raw materials to China, with India importing finished goods from China that have virtually invaded the markets in various sectors like toys, consumer electronics and even areas like firecrackers, thereby affecting India’s own manufacturing sector. Various other goods like glasses, ceramics, bathroom fittings among many others are also getting easier to import from China.
China looking for other potential market and India is an ideal partner
Both India and China have always, independently, tried to have a stable and mutually beneficial relationship with the United States. China’s primary quest currently lies in stabilizing the trade and economic relationship; India’s interest is to quickly convince Washington of its emergence as a leading power, secure high-end technologies, and strengthen the defense partnership. With the United States considering India as an important strategic partner in the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, the Indian navy is increasingly exhibiting tendencies to cooperate with the U.S. Naval Central Command (USNAVCENT) in terms of force-projection capabilities. Both countries are negotiating to enable India to play a more active role in counter-piracy operations, anti-submarine warfare, and carrier-based and other combined naval operations in the Combined Maritime Forces. Such operations, along with the Malabar exercises, military maneuvers undertaken by the Quad countries in parallel with their strategic dialogue, are part of a two-pronged strategy—first, they help expand India’s naval capabilities to give it a stronger regional presence and, second, they make China wary of this India-U.S. collaboration and encourage it to be more cautious in the maritime domain. On the other hand, the trade war between China and the United States, which began with Washington reprimanding China for unfair trade practices, escalated when China adopted a retaliatory approach. Since July 2018, the United States has imposed duties on $250 billion worth of Chinese goods and China has retaliated by imposing tariffs on U.S. products worth $110 billion.
Although a temporary truce was achieved after the Group of Twenty (G-20) Summit in Buenos Aires on December 1, 2018,6 it turned out to be ineffective. The United States and China have been unable to arrive at a solution, inflicting damage on both economies.
In this scenario, China is looking for other potential markets and India, owing to its proximity and huge market, is an ideal partner. This trade war has given other countries an opportunity to reevaluate their trade networks and enforce pending free trade agreements (FTAs). China and India too, by participating in tariff relaxations, are in favor of making their economic relations more robust and diversified. However, three questions emerge in the overall context of their bilateral relations—first, how can Indian imports from China be diversified without increasing the trade imbalance; second, which sectors should be targeted if exports to China are to be increased while avoiding Chinese retaliatory trade measures; and third, what are the platforms for diversifying production in India to shrink the “ Made in China ” label. While India’s challenges are to transform its market for foreign investors, liberalize its tariffs, and boost its FTAs, the challenge for China lies in shifting its global trade away from the United States. Although the growth rate of India-China trade experiences momentary surges, various stresses remain, such as the huge trade deficit India is incurring. While U.S.-China trade tension does not have any direct repercussions on the Indian market, it increases the risk of China diverting excessive goods. Undoubtedly, China will suffer a huge loss if it loses its grip on the Indian market. Reducing trade tariffs on products like rice and amending the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) are crucial. To address the increasingly uneven trade relationship, China has reportedly agreed to import two million tons of sugar.
 However, the problem is that the Chinese sugar industry is also facing oversupply. So, India’s trade volume may not end up making much difference to their trade statistics. Addressing this trade deficit will, for the time being, keep India-China relations bristling.
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Shyamal Bhattacharjee
Mr Shyamal Bhattacharjee, the author was born at West Chirimiri Colliery at District Surguja, Chattisgarh on July 6th 1959 He received his early education at Carmel Convent School Bishrampur and later at Christ Church Boys' Higher Secondary School at Jabalpur. He later joined Hislop College at Nagpur and completed his graduation in Science and he also added a degree in    B A thereafter. He joined the HITAVADA, a leading dailies of Central India at Nagpur as a      Sub-Editor ( Sports ) but gave up to complete his MBA in 1984 He thereafter added a Diploma In Export Management. He has authored THREE books namely Notable Quotes and Noble Thought published by Pustak Mahal in 2001 Indian Cricket : Faces That Changed It  published by Manas Publications in 2009 and Essential Of Office Management published by NBCA, Kolkatta  in 2012. He has a experience of about 35 years in Marketing .
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