Pic :: India China Relationship
India China Border “
Jostle ” :: Many Bristles in the offing
Seven Flash Points
Between India and China
It was the
beginning of the year 1953 when the Prime Minister of India then Mr Pandit
Jawaharlal Nehru once for all decided
that there should be an ABSOLUTE PEACE here on the EARTH and that
India ought to take the initiative for the same . It was his very close aide
and the Defense Minister of India thereafter Mr V . Krishna Menon had
advised Mr Nehru that in any case he should MOOT the move to bring about
a few countries including China to form an association of the nation headed by
India and to build a group of nation who would be together at every critical
hour to jointly dispel the move of aggression by any countries.
WHY
WAS THIS MOVE “ MOOTED ”
Infact there is a story to it. It was in 1948 when Pakistan all of a
sudden initiated such a vigorous attack on India and they wanted to take away
Kashmir from India. The attack was absolutely BRUTAL and RUTHLESS
from the Pakistani end to which the Indian Army courtesy JADUNATH SINGH
who was awarded the FIRST PARAM VIR CHAKRA ie he was the FIRST receipient
of the HIGHEST Military Award of India the PARAM VIR CHAKRA He stopped the Pakistani’s
making an inroad further in Kashmir and then Mr Sen a HIGHLY placed Indian
Military Officer under Mr Carriappa then, took it over from there and the
Pakistani’s Army as well as the infiltrators were driven away.
However by then a chunk of the portion of Kashmir was taken away by
Pakistan.Mr Carriappa then met Mr Nehru to say him – GIVE ME ONLY A WEEK. PoK
will be OURS’ and Pakistan will NEVER exists in the map of the world he
explained it to Mr Nehru.
Lord Mountbatten’s
MORSE game and dirty play
Lord Mountbatten knew that without India and her resources Great Britain
which was devastated after the World War-II would not survive. The
English since 1600 AD when they started LOOTING India after
establishing their EAST INDIA COMPANY were on a LOOT SPREE
here. Still they knew that the India post 1947 had ENOUGH in it’s store
as a resource and wealth and if those were looted, it would help Britain to
survive and rein-furbish and reestablish their national economy which were at
it’s nadir after Britain’s World War-II.
Lord Mounbatten knew that Britain was going back to Britain after the War
only to put them into the paddle to start cycling. Once done it would again
come back to India. If they come back and if they DO NOT FIND Pakistan
and the Muslim in a TANGLE-cum-LOGGERHEADS then their EASE to
rule India would be done away with.
Keeping that in mind he advised Nehru- You are a leader of an INTERNATIONAL
standard and you deserve the NOBEL
PRIZE for PEACE. If you declare a CEASE-FIRE now and end the
war game with Pakistan I would direct the BRITISH AUTHORITY to fight NAILS-AND-DOGS
with all the TEETH into that to confer you the INTERNATIONAL PEACE
AWARD – THE “NOBEL”
This turned Nehru that he gave a DAMN to everything and called in
for a cease-fire and that portion of Kashmir became the PoK for Pakistan.That
is how we LOST the PoK to Pakistan which in FACT is OUR
land and WE OUGHT TO GET IT BACK AT ANY COST.
Having compelled Nehru to end the war, Britain and Mr Mountbatten NEVER
did make any attempt for Mr Nehru to get that NOBEL PRIZE and NIETHER
did the Nobel Prize authorities ever think of conferring him with that kind of
an award.
Mr Nehru ever since was “ FORBES-LICIOUS ” to win that award.
To be short and precise, Pakistan due to that
OPEN HEARTED attitude of Mr Nehru went on to annex the PoK , a part of Kashmir
which they named it as PoK . It was here tat Mr Carriappa had said Mr Nehru
that- GIVE ME ONLY A SEVEN DAYS OF TIME.NIETHER PAKISTAN NOR ANYTHING AS SUCH RELATING TO PAKISTAN , THERE WILL
REMAIN ON THE MAP OF THE WORLD. . Mr Carriappa
fought the TOOTH-AND-THE-NAIL-BATTLE to save Kashmirand Kashmir
was saved from going to Pakistan, but
the crux was that PoK was seized by Pakistan.In other words the part of Kashmir
seized away by Pakistan which Pakistan later started calling it the PoK and it was NO-MORE the Indian
territory.At this point of the time Mr Cariappa directed Nehru to give him only
“ SEVEN ” days of time . “ GIVE ME A WEEK AND THERE WILL BE NO PAKISTAN IN
THIS EARTH ” he said.
The ever CLEVER-WILY-AND-FOXY,
Mr Mountbatten when he came to learn and know about this he approached Nehru
and said him- DECLARE THE CEASE FIRE.If you do it NOW you will be
the RECEIPIENT of the Nobel Prize award
OTHER WITCHFUL PLAN OF
LORD MOUNTBATTEN
Actually
Britain and Lord Mountbatten had other idea. After the World War-II, Great
Britain was in tatters. It wanted to re-establish very fast as far as it’s
economy was concerned. They INTERNALLY wanted to rule India as they knew
that the Indian wealth in abundance which they were LOOTING since 1600AD
still had ENOUGH of that to be seized by them to re-establish and
refurbish their national economy. In case if PoK was not there and incase if
Pakistan was not there in the map then there NEVER would be a INDO-PAK
“ DOG-OF-WAR ” as the British would call it .What to do then.BRAINWASH
NEHRU and stop the war. If Pakistan exists it would be better for Great
Britain again to come back and rule India.That was their thought and with that
thought Lord Mountbatten directed Nehru to declare a CEASE-FIRE which Nehru
did. The “PoK” since then went to Pakistan and the “ LURE ” to win an
International award for PEACE by Nehru then took it over.
Having being into confrontation with Pakistan first, and then that International Prize, the NOBEL haunting him, Nehru thereafter badly wanted to be something different in TERMS of an " APOSTLE OF PEACE " and it was that he wanted to demonstrate the WORLD that there was no man in this earth like him who was there to redefine the meaning of PEACE.
It was Mr V.K.Menon who came to know this.He was such a man whom Nehru
would believe him even if he had NOT muttered a WORD about anything. When Mr
Krish Menon came to know about this, he just said to Mr Nehru- FORM AN
ASSOCIATION OF SOME COUNTRIES AND PROMOTE PEACE IN THE REGION AS WELL AS IN THE
WORLD.Your initiative will see you
winning that award. This in mind Mr Nehru called in for a movement in 1954 and In 1954, India and China enunciated the “
Panchsheel ”, the Five Principles
of Peaceful Coexistence.
Came 1954, the exact date being 29th April 1954 the “ Agreement on Trade and Intercourse between the Tibet
region of China and India ” was signed on 29th April 1954 in
Beijing by the Indian Ambassador N. Raghavan and Chang Han-fu, the Chinese
Deputy Foreign Minister of China. It is remembered as the Panchsheel Agreement.
One would ask me what were and whare the Panchsheel
movement.Well these were the salient features of the Panchsheel movement-::
The basic principles of Panchsheel Agreement
are:
·
Mutual
non-aggression.
·
Mutual
non-interference in domestic systems.
·
Mutual
respect for each other's territorial integrity and sovereignty.
·
Equality
and mutual benefit.
·
Peaceful
co-existence
PANCHSHEEL SIGNED AND ACCEPTED AS A TREATY-::
During a June visit to India, Chinese Premier Chou En-Lai and Jawaharlal
Nehru signed a treaty popularly known as Panchsheel that outlined Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence.
In October, the prime minister visited Beijing where he attended a banquet in
his honour with Chairman Mao-Tse-Tung
Actually India w s very open and very clear on
it’s stand about the “ Panchsheel ” movement, but China had it’s hidden agenda.
China for it’s populous and ever non-controllable population wanted the extra
piece of land for it’s operation on the Army to make it stronger, larger and
beside that it always had an idea in the
mind that it would capture certain portion of the land at the places adjoining
it.
HONG-KONG AND IT’S REVENUE WERE NOT THE EARNING OF CHINA TILL THEN.
Hongkong which was a part of China was leased
to Great Britain for 99 years.Hence the income from Hongkong was not to be
shared by China and Britain.That hit China like anything.They wanted to
increase their national income beside experimenting on various project within
their land which according to them were not GOOD enough to do that .China always wanted to become a MAJOR FORCE. For that it had eyed on
it’s Army and it’s Scientist to do the act hands-in-hands and by will. It required
land as well as to do it.
With that intention to hook-and-torque India,
it came in for that treaty which then was named as the PANCHSHEEL treaty. After
the treaty ws signed it was Mr Nehru who declared that INDIA WILL NEVER RAGE ANY WAR AGAINT ANYBODY AS THE INDIAN INDEPENDENCE
WAS OBTAINED THROUGH THE PRINCIPLES OF NON-VIOLENCE.
This open declaration is what the Chinese
needed from the Indian leadership. Completely assured of that China always
started playing with India and her sentiments and the FIRST to happen and that
often happened was the During a June visit to India, Chinese Premier Chou
En-Lai and Jawaharlal Nehru signed a treaty popularly known as
Panchsheel that outlined Five Principles of Peaceful Co-existence. In October,
the prime minister visited Beijing where he attended a banquet in his honour
with Chairman Mao of their Army in the Indian territory and the often
incursions that they would do.
China slowly started encroaching the
territories one after one.The first to be assaulted and swwoped was Tibet, and
then Taiwan. Completely having tasted success they started it n India. Every
time that they did that Mr Nehru turned them on the PANCHSHEEL TREATY .However that were not finding any favours from
the Chinese as their bent-of-the-mind was always different.It was to slowly
annex a part of India from the Arunachal Pradesh, a part of Himachal Pradesh
and the entire Sikkim.
The Nathula Pass of India situated at Sikkim
would always see the Chinese soldiers getting into India and very often they
would put their tents in the form of the Chinese army putting their tents, and
practicing all their Army drill which also included TANK-TRAINING . These were often and often done without any fear or
any alarm-city and all the cries of the military authorities would fall into
the DEAF ears of our leadership as
Mr Nehru would rant – HINDI-CHINI-BHAI-BHAI.
China taking the advantage of the situation in
and by the end of 1959 started making raods from Peking now Beijing to Rawalpindi which now is Islamabad
and the Pakistani authority would extend them the HEARTIEST of the HEART welcome for everything that they did.
Pakistan From 1959 is waiting to attack India along with
China.
Pakistan infact is waiting for an attack to
reinforce themselves with China since 1959.When the Pakistani authorities saw
and found that China was building the
means of commute and transport from Peking ( Beijing) then it opened up all it’s
gate for them to enter into Pakistan and Islamabad , Rawalpindi then , so that the Chinese entry to Pakistan and the
Chinese movement at Pakistan is easy.That would also help the Pakistanis to
move to China easy and since then Pakistan was always having in it’s mind to
attack Kashmir especially that part which we call it Kargil.
Their intentions were if by any mean if they
can detach kargil and it’s point from India then it would become very easy for
them to control that area to often attack India and in case of any aid or
emergency needed they could use the Chinese strength by inviting them to attack
India. With that intention Mr Pervez
Musharraf attacked Kargil when Mr Nawaz Sheriff was their premier but the
Indian Army fighting with BOFORS and
all those kind of a LAID-BACK stuff
broke the MOUTH of the Pakistani’s
and send them back to their hut. About Five Hundred Indian soldiers LOST their
life but the Pakistani’s usimng their infiltrators were HOUNDED-POUNDED-and LURCHED like anything for them to remember that
for all their life.
Kargil Loss :: A DREAM “ CRUSH ” For
China
Actually when the Kargil war was fought, China was keeping a close-eye
on the same. In the meantime just before the war Mr Musharraf was at Beijing
meeting the top Chinese authorities. Internally China knew that Kargil would be
attacked by Pakistan and they were expecting the Pakistani to win that war.
However the table being turned it gave a BLOW to China. China wanted that part
of Kashmir to be swept away by Pakistan because that would have given them a HELLUVA access and control over the
Arunachal Pradesh and then it would have
been easy for them to lay their hand on Himachal Pradesh . Though Sikkim was by 1974 a part of India according
to a treaty by the Sikkimese authorities and Mrs India Gandhi the Chinese had found Indian a CHICKEN to thrawt them at Sikim and
often they would encroach and enter Sikkim deep into the nathula and carry on
with their Military plans. The Indian leadership would not resist and
especially the Congresswere a SLEEPING-DUCK
to all the game plans of the Chinese. It was like for them – THESE THINGS HAPPENS NORMALLY AND WE SHOULD
NOT BUCKLE-AND-RUCKLE for anything.
This DOUSE
of the Congress did put India under the HEAVY
WATER but that is how the Congress rules and have been ruling India. .
Mr Nehru from 1959 till about 1962 at times
made some calculated attempt to raise the concerns with the Chinese authorities
but that did not dtere the Chinese for anything. Herein within the country
anything serious about those were put aside by him saying that HINDI-CHINI-BHAI-BHAI and that India’s PRINCIPLES were NON-VIOLENCE and India believes in NON-VIOLENCE.
In 1962 the Chinese authorities to show to the
World that they too are a non-violence country and they are not the SIEZERS like the CEASER came to india and spoke on the issue. That was just an
eye-wash by them to put the rants of the world in duress to the sand and the witches
but internally they had their game plans.
Often and often catapulting of the happenings
and the captivations made the Union Defense Minister of that time, Mr Krishna
Menon to go to Beijing and once even after a ELEVEN hours of the talks between the two countries and the two
leaders when it failed, Mr Krishna Menon lost his composure and BARKED at the Chinese leaders. He was
caught and THROWN away from the
premises where he was holding the talks with the Chinese leaders then.
Back here – he said to Nehru- WE HAVE TO TEACH THEM A LESSON and Nehru went ahead with that game plan.
AN ILL-TRAINED-AND-TRAINED - UNARMED Indian Army with NO ammunities, NO FACILITIES and NOTHING
were forced to take on the People Liberation Army of China. Without any
adequate training of HOW-TO-FIGHT-IN-THE-ICE
and without any arms at it’s disposal , even without BULLETS required in number, the Indian army fought that battle for
about 30 days before the cease-fire was called in for.
Taking the advantage of every possible drawback that the indian army
was holding and KNOWING fully well
that THIS IS A GOLDEN OPPORTUNITY FOR
THEM – the Chinese Army went about in it’s business to completely take away
the ASAI-CHIN area from India which
ran into 7500 square kilometres. That was in 1962.In all they took away from us
about 45,000 square kilometres of land
Pic:: The Disputed Area of India and China
From and till then China using all it’s MILITARY ADVERTISEMENT till 2012 till the time when the Congress
was in power has encroached upon India’s land from all the parts and portion to
take away about 85,000 square kilometres
of land INDIRECTLY from us under the
garb of DISPUTED AREA.
Between 1996 to and till about 2004 China for
some reason did put a FULL-STOP of
it’s activity to encroach upon the Indian territory but no sooner that the Vajapayee
Government was thrown out of the POWER
it again fell back to it’s old policy of grabbing the Indian land . Infact
under the Congress regime all the Chinese aggression in terms of NOT spilling the BULLETS but grabbing the Indian land exacts upto an amount of
85,000 square kilometres of land continued and Congress NEVER did make an alarm
for the same.
Grabbing the land by encroachment
This started at the time when Mr Nehru was at
helms in 1962 and it continued till Mr Manmohan Singh was the Prime
Minister.This was stopped by the Indian Army and it is being continuously
stopped by the Indian Army under the orders served to them by the present
Indian Government
Pic:: Why The LAC Often Flares Up
Now what has happened is that the places till
the point where China had encroached the land- it says that it is it’s land and
that India uselessly and needlessly enters into it’s land to stop the Chinese
to move ahead of it’s plan which could be the building and the constructions,
or could be the construction of the dams, or any project which it sees as it’s
long term profit venturing business like the erection of the plants for
generating the power and electricity.This way China has started many a project
in the land that it has taken away by scratching the backs of it’s neighbor.
There are about 26 countries that
are neighbours of China and China had and has shown it’s Army power by advertisement and by displaying it’s ammunition like the Tanks, the
modern firing guns, and some of it’s ballstic missiles which are short ( SBM) by nature, to scare the other countries
and keep them at bay or make their mouth
to remain shut.
Nehru’s “ FOLLY ” and misadventure :: India still counts for the same
Actually China in it’s initial stage was not in
a national mood at all to attack India. It’s Army PLA attacked India because India had send a message to them after
Mr V Krishna Menon was THROWN OUT of
the meeting hall by the then GUARDS who
were guarding that hall where the meeting and the rounds of talks were going on
between the two nation. ONE SPARK by Mr
Menon where he lost his cool was
enough for the Chinese to take a pensive stand
Thereafter when the Indian Army and the defense
was asked to take their position- a DRILL
of the war for TWO different round
was taken by the then Chief Of Army Mr Thimappa who could gfeel that thew
Indian Army was NOT adapted and DID NOT POSSES to fight the enemy in
the CHILL-NAIL-BITING- FREEZING COLD.
The kind of attires that were needed and the kind of the Army training beside
the ammunition that were needed to fight on the snow and the ice were not there
with the Indian Army. Yet when the first of the serious attack came in from
China and when they heavily fired and bombarded the Indian area the Army had to
plunge into action.
MISTAKE OF INDIA THEN -::
Actually some of the countries like Yugoslavia
then under Mr Tito, and some of the countries which were then plagued by the
Chinese for it’s incursion to their AREA
like Vietnam, Taiwan, Tibet had
raised a HUE-AND-CRY about the Chinese
ploy at the UN and they also then made the examples of India about how it was
encroached by China. The UN assembly and the UNO then in 1961 made a serious
attempt to raise this issue with the assembly of the UN and UNO. However the
Indian leadership became very hesitant to rake up the issue and put the matter
to the UN and the UNO.If India would have done that it could have got all the
support from Yugoslavia, Hungary, and some of the Asian countries like Malaysia, Indonesia , Vietnam to name a
few. Even now Myanmar whose large area of land is still under China
from where the Chinese jhave constructed the road to progress to Islamabad
then, would have supported India. However for some unwanted and unknown region
Mr Nehru did not take the matter to the houses of the UN and the UNO at all.
This gave the leverage to the Chinese.
The After “WAR” Effect :: Nehru Didand “
COMMITTED ” A “ HISTORICAL ” BLUNDER
After the war was over China had annexed about
7500 square kilometres of the land. It shouted about it but instead Mr Nehru
gave ab reply that IT IS A BARREN LAND
AND EVEN IF INDIA LOSES THAT AN AREA OF LAND IT HARDLY MATTERS . That set
the Chinese tone thereafter saying that INDIA
HAS ACCEPTED THAT IT IS NOT WANTING THAT LAND AT ALL. Hence that area of
the land now is the Chinese property.
Thereafter there were many an area outside that
land where slowly the Chinese had started building it’s presence and every time
Mr Nehru kept his mouth shut.One reason could be that India was NOT properly
geared up to take on the Chinese then as the Indian Army did not possess that
kind of strength, energy and the build-up of the force to take on China. For
every action of China when he had to answer to the parliament he kept of SAYING THAT – THE CHINESE ARE PUTTING THEIR
FEET AND THEMSELVES IN THE AREA WHICH ARE DISPUTED ” This and these words gave the Chinese to say-
OK if it is an disputed area then
let it be that. The matter shall be decided when it is decided but till then we
have the right to use the area. The Indian Government from 1962 to 1996 kept on
by passing this and the Chinese npw have taken a complete control of the area.
It is such that most of the area that belongs to India for which India either
kept on saying that the area is disputed or the Chinese had encroached those,
now has become the Chinese area according to them .This is where the Indian
leadership had failed then and had
always failed.
Actually INDIA is ONE of the LARGEST
and the BIGGEST Republic. The other
countries between the period of 1958 to 1961 when China was enroching the smaller
nations in Asia and certain countries in the world at that time came in for an
all out support for India to press it’s claim of the Chinese transgression and
the land encroachment case, India showed a cold shoulder .The other sma;ller
nation of Asia wanted India to take the lead role in this matter and then they
had decided to support India by pressing and placing their facts. India’s cold
response and the kind of an advertisement that the Chinese always played with
it’s showcasing it’s Army, the internal
FRIGHT and the case of meeting the aggression from the Chinese in terms of
the military action that it would take, forced everybody to take a back
seat.This was again studied in terms of the BEHAVIOUR and it’s SCIENCE
by the UN and the UNO and then feeling that India is NOT really interested to fight for it’s
case in the UN and the UNO those two bodies too took away and
itself for any such studies, their overall interest, and it’s cases of India for the future and
India soon lost it’s importance in the UN
and the UNO.
It is only when the Vajapayee Government came
into the power and after the Kargil war ws fought that once again India slowly
started making the other’s to feel that it was not a docile kind of a nation
but was ever ready to prove it’s class and itself. Since then India has been
taken seriously by these two bodies and after Mr Donald Trump took over the
President of the US, India now finds a PRIME of a place in these two bodies. In that matter the Government
under Mr Modi has done an excellent job in placing India right at the place at
both the UN and the UNO.
Ever since then we have been often witnessing
that whenever the Chinese feels like to encroach upon our land for their benefit it does it with GAY ABANDON.
It is now that they are facing the retaliation from the Indian Army. Else for
all these years the Indians were always at the receiving end and the Chinese
continued to do it with gay abandon at all the time.
Since formally establishing diplomatic
relations with the People’s Republic of China in 1950, Indo-China relations
have been rather volatile, lacking in
confidence, with long-standing and unresolved territorial issues as I have hereby explained which always proved
and proving to be the major sticking point between the neighbours. Even as
Prime Minister Narendra Modi and visiting Chinese President Xi
Jinping shake
hands at the Sabarmati river-frontand then thereafter whenever they did that,
the Chinese to show on the face were always a FRIEND but deep inside were NOT
and NT at all., and as of the things
that it stands now, these issues need immediate redresses for any meaningful progress between two of Asia’s biggest economies.
Where and what are the points on which India,
Mr Modi, China and the Chinese leaders ought to made the way for a better
Indo-Sino and a best possible relationship between the two countries, well
these are the places and the points on which they have to do-::
1) Border disputes
Pic : Indian and the Chinese soldiers "DOUSING" the flares at the border
Probably the biggest sticking point in
Sino-Indian relations, border disputes between the two countries have existed
since many years, and remain unresolved. While several territorial land pockets
(14 divisions) along the 3488-km-long border, (Line of Actual Control) have
come under dispute, the two main unresolved issues remain Aksai Chin and Arunachal
Pradesh. In 1962, the two countries fought a brief war in Aksai Chin and Arunachal Pradesh, in which the Chinese People’s Liberation Army
handed the Indian Army a comprehensive defeat.
Though Aksai Chin is administered by China,
India’s official position on the issue is that, by virtue of it being a part of Jammu and Kashmir
(Ladakh), the region remains an
integral part of India. For China, which claims Aksai Chin as part of its Xinjiang province, the region is of
utmost strategic importance as it connects Xinjiang with Tibet.
The other border dispute between the two
countries involves the north-east Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. While the Indian side claims Arunachal Pradesh to
territorially be an integral part of India, China refers to it as South Tibet, China
believes that because of the influence of the Buddhists and it’s population the
Arunachal Pradesh and it’s associates that is related to Buddhism makes it
natural for them to believe that Arunachal Pradesh is an integral part of
China.
Pic : Disputed Area That Often Flares Up
2) Border incursions
An immediate fallout
of the several unresolved territorial claims by both nations, border
incursions/intrusions have been a major stumbling block to improving relations
between India and China. Both countries have been strengthening their military
presence along the Line of Actual Control (LAC). While China has deployed close
to 300,000 troops (13 full ‘Border
Defence Regiments’) India has deployed around 120,000 troops in the Eastern Sector.
Last year, India
proceeded to create a new “ mountain
strike corps " of about 90,000 troops over five years (90,274 to be
precise), nearly half of which will be deployed along the Sino-Indian border by
the end of 2016. According to a paper by the Italian School of International Political Studies, India’s military
presence is also “supported by two Sukhoi 30 MKI squadrons from Tezpur in
Assam. Two more Sukhoi-30 MKI squadrons are in the process of being inducted
into the air force structure in the eastern sector ". The paper continues,
“ furthermore, six divisions of China’s Reaction Forces are stationed at the
southwestern Chinese city of Chengdu, with 24-hour operational readiness and
support by airlift capability to transport the troops to the border area within
48 hours ” .
India and China, on
various occasions, have played down these incursions by Chinese troops, saying
that they occur due to a “ difference
in perception or interpretation " about the boundary, which in
this case is the Line of Actual Control.
In 2009, China began
the practice of issuing stapled visas
to residents of Jammu and Kashmir and Arunachal Pradesh, provoking a strong
protest from India. It rejected this practice saying these acts by China
amounted to questioning India’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. In 2011,
China stopped issuing such visas for people from Jammu and Kashmir.
The issue first came
to light in 2007, when Ganesh Koyu, a senior IAS officer from Arunachal Pradesh
was denied a Chinese visa for a study programme tour to Beijing and Shanghai.
China, back then, believed that residents of Arunachal Pradesh did not need
travel documents to travel to their country, since it claimed a majority of the
Indian state as its own.
However, in the recent
past, several sportspersons from Arunachal Pradesh, including weightlifters and
archers, have been issued stapled visas
by the Chinese embassy, causing
further annoyance to India.
4) Tibet
At the very heart of
India’s relations with China is the unresolved issue of Tibet. In 1950, Chinese
troops invaded Tibet to reclaim and re-assert its sovereignty (Tibet declared
independence from China in 1913) over the region, which was confirmed after
both parties signed the Seventeen Point Agreement. In 1950, following an uprising
in Tibet, the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India, with many of his followers
joining him in exile, where he established the Central Tibetan Administration
(commonly known as the Tibetan government-in-exile). When the uprising took
place, according to a 1959 report in the Xinxua, Chairman Mao Zedong accused India of “aiding the rebels, and that Nehru and
the bourgeoisie in India had sought to maintain Tibet as a buffer zone and
restore its semi-independent status." In 2003, when then Indian Prime
Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee visited Beijing, India recognized the Tibet Autonomous
Region as an “ integral " part
of the People’s Republic of China.
However, while India’s
official position on the Dalai Lama is that it considers him a spiritual leader
and an honoured guest, China on the other hand said, “ it opposes any country that provides a platform for his (the Dalai
Lama’s) anti-China activities in any form."
5) String of pearls
One of India’s growing
concerns in the last decade or so is China’s ever-expanding sphere of
geopolitical influence in the Indian Ocean. Dubbed as “ string of pearls " in wonk-speak, it involves the
development of commercial ports in various countries as part of its new “ Silk Route ". The route, which
China claims as an important trade corridor, extends from its naval base in
Hainan Island (South China Sea) to Bagamayo in Tanzania, Africa, with several
of the ports encircling mainland India. These include Hambantota (Sri Lanka),
Gwadar (Pakistan), Chittagong (Bangladesh) and Marao Atoll (Maldives). Also,
besides India, China is the only other country to have a fully functional
embassy in Male.
Officially, India does
not see these developments as “ competition " between itself and China.
China denies that these ports are to be used as naval bases to threaten its
neighbour.
The other areas where
India and China are engaged in a few bouts of shadow boxing involve increased
trade and development projects in Africa and Latin America. India’s trade with
Africa is expected to rise to a $100
billion in 2015, while China’s annual trade with Africa is worth $200 billion. In Latin America and the
Caribbean, India’s trade rose to $42
billion in 2013, while China, according to China-Latin America Finance
Database, committed $100 billion in
the region from 2005 to 2013.
6) Water dispute
While China is already
involved in several water-sharing disputes with countries like Laos, Cambodia,
Thailand and Vietnam over the Mekong River, its plans to build several dams on
the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra
(known as Tsangpo in China) hasn’t gone down well with New Delhi. The
Brahmaputra, which originates as Tsangpo in Tibet, is one of the major water
resources in India’s north-east, especially as a source for irrigation and
industry.
China has a unique,
exclusivist policy when it comes to sharing natural resources. It follows a
doctrine that believes in exclusive use of resources that originate from its
soil. India, in the meanwhile, is looking to build 25 hydropower plants in Arunachal Pradesh before China completes its
project. India is also concerned about “
a decrease in the flow of the river water " and “ the destruction of the Himalayan ecosystem."
7) Trade imbalance
Trade relations
between India and China formally resumed in 1978. Six years later, the two
countries signed the most favoured nation (MFN) agreement. India’s trade with
China began rather modestly, as low as $2.92
billion in 2000. Eleven years later, it rose to a phenomenal all-time high of
$73.9 billion. In 2012, decreasing Indian exports over the previous 12 months
meant, it fell to $66.57 billion.
While China is India’s
largest trade partner today, concerns about trade imbalance between the two
countries remain, with the imbalance skewed in China’s favour. During 2013-14, the trade deficit between the two
countries was at $36.22 billion.
Decreasing Indian
exports aside, strong Chinese regulatory systems have put off exports from
India, especially from sectors like information
technology (IT), meat and pharmaceuticals, where India is believed to have the
upper hand.
India is an exporter
of raw materials to China, with
India importing finished goods from China that have virtually invaded the
markets in various sectors like toys,
consumer electronics and even areas like firecrackers, thereby affecting
India’s own manufacturing sector. Various other goods like glasses, ceramics,
bathroom fittings among many others are also getting easier to import from
China.
China looking for
other potential market and India is an ideal partner
Both India and China have always, independently, tried to have a stable
and mutually beneficial relationship with the United States. China’s primary
quest currently lies in stabilizing the trade and economic relationship;
India’s interest is to quickly convince Washington of its emergence as a leading power, secure high-end
technologies, and strengthen the defense partnership. With the United
States considering India as an important strategic partner in the U.S. Indo-Pacific Command, the Indian
navy is increasingly exhibiting tendencies to cooperate with the U.S. Naval Central Command (USNAVCENT)
in terms of force-projection capabilities. Both countries are negotiating to
enable India to play a more active role in counter-piracy
operations, anti-submarine warfare, and carrier-based and other combined naval
operations in the Combined Maritime Forces. Such operations, along with the
Malabar exercises, military maneuvers undertaken by the Quad countries in
parallel with their strategic dialogue, are part of a two-pronged
strategy—first, they help expand India’s naval capabilities to give it a
stronger regional presence and, second, they make China wary of this India-U.S.
collaboration and encourage it to be more cautious in the maritime domain. On
the other hand, the trade war between China and the United States, which began
with Washington reprimanding China for unfair trade practices, escalated when
China adopted a retaliatory approach. Since July 2018, the United States has
imposed duties on $250 billion worth of
Chinese goods and China has retaliated by imposing tariffs on U.S. products
worth $110 billion.
Although a temporary truce was achieved after the Group of Twenty
(G-20) Summit in Buenos Aires on December 1, 2018,6 it turned out to be
ineffective. The United States and China have been unable to arrive at a
solution, inflicting damage on both economies.
In this scenario, China is
looking for other potential markets and India, owing to its proximity and huge
market, is an ideal partner. This trade war has given other countries an
opportunity to reevaluate their trade networks and enforce pending free trade
agreements (FTAs). China and India too, by participating in tariff relaxations,
are in favor of making their economic relations more robust and diversified.
However, three questions emerge in the overall context of their bilateral
relations—first, how can Indian imports from China be diversified without
increasing the trade imbalance; second, which sectors should be targeted if
exports to China are to be increased while avoiding Chinese retaliatory trade
measures; and third, what are the platforms for diversifying production in
India to shrink the “ Made in China ” label. While India’s challenges are to
transform its market for foreign investors, liberalize its tariffs, and boost
its FTAs, the challenge for China lies in shifting its global trade away from
the United States. Although the growth rate of India-China trade experiences momentary surges, various stresses
remain, such as the huge trade deficit India is incurring. While U.S.-China
trade tension does not have any direct repercussions on the Indian market, it
increases the risk of China diverting excessive goods. Undoubtedly, China will suffer a huge loss if it loses its grip on the
Indian market. Reducing trade tariffs on products like rice and amending
the Double Taxation Avoidance Agreement (DTAA) are crucial. To address the
increasingly uneven trade relationship, China has reportedly agreed to import
two million tons of sugar.
However, the problem is that the
Chinese sugar industry is also facing oversupply. So, India’s trade volume may
not end up making much difference to their trade statistics. Addressing this
trade deficit will, for the time being, keep India-China relations bristling.
Regards
Pics
Shyamal Bhattacharjee
Mr Shyamal Bhattacharjee, the author was born at West
Chirimiri Colliery at District Surguja,
Chattisgarh on July 6th 1959 He received his early
education at Carmel Convent School Bishrampur and later
at Christ Church Boys' Higher Secondary School at
Jabalpur. He later joined Hislop College at Nagpur
and completed his graduation in Science and he also added a degree
in B A thereafter. He joined the HITAVADA,
a leading dailies of Central India
at Nagpur as a Sub-Editor ( Sports )
but gave up to complete his MBA in 1984
He thereafter added a Diploma In Export Management. He
has authored THREE books namely Notable
Quotes and Noble Thought published by Pustak Mahal in 2001 Indian
Cricket : Faces That Changed It published by Manas
Publications in 2009 and Essential Of Office Management published by
NBCA, Kolkatta in 2012. He has a experience of about 35
years in Marketing .
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