The Start OfThe Coal Mines Sector
It was the world Bank in 1954 which had come here with some
EXPERTS and they had a team of about FOUR members who travelled around the
country then, and they studied that
India was RICH in Coal.The study that they concluded at that time said that the
reserve of the Coal that was in India was about for 600 years under the crust
of the earth.
That was in 1954-55. The entire experts of the World bank andit’s professional stayed over here till1968 and after they got back to theplaces that they had come from, the Indian Prime Ministerthen Jawaharlal Nehruwent to the World bank and brought about a huge loan from theWorld bank and he laid out the following projects and the industries at India
The industries were the 1 ). Dams and the Hydel Projects 2 ),
the Dteel plant and the 3 ). The Coal Mines
The Commencement and start of the Coalmines
With 23 ie TWENTY - THREE blocks, started the movement of Coal India here at India, and the
block of the Coal field at Madhya Pradesh, Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, the
Government of India started , in 1956 but the real process of starting the
complete process of setting the Coal Complex actually started in 1963 with full force operation, after the China war and the NATIONAL COAL DEVELOPMENT LIMITED (
NCDC) was established .
Certain private players also approached Mr Nehru and obtainedthe license of starting the Coal mines for them.The chief of them were the Tatawho started their Coal mines at Jamadoba at Bihar,the Thapar’s from Patiala atPunjab which started their private Coal mines at West Chirimiri , a place atMadhya Pradesh then , at District Surguja which now has become Chattisgarh, and
some at Bengal then at places near Asansol.
National CoalDevelopment Corporation start and brings “ DRAGLINE ”
The private Coal mines started with the process ofOPEN-CAST-MINES mostly at all the places wherethey were extracting the Coalbut the NCDC for most of it’s coal minesstarted the INCLINED SYSTEM of coal extraction .This system needed the “ HAULAGE ” and the “ DRAGLINES ” for extracting the coal.
“ SHIV –SHANKAR ” , the “ FIRST ” set of Dragline that comes to India.
Since the Government could afford to purchase the draglinesthe FIRST set of the draglines’ came to India in a very CKD ( Complete KnockedDown ) manner at India.This gem , ie the , draglinewas sent to BISHRAMPUR at District “ SURGUJA ” .It was installed by the team of INDIANENGINNER only at Bishrampur.
BISHRAMPUR THUS WAS AND HAS BEEN THE FIRST COALFIELD WHERE THE FIRST DRAGLIN WAS INSTALLED AT INDIA.
Coal India NATIONALISED
Here at India the private and the government sector was in full swing to extract the coal, however the private sector were playing foul with the Coal industry.
They were extracting the coal in good manner but when it boiled down to the payment of the employee, they would pay very less or meagre to their employees .This was an hindrance.
Again it was observed that the private players were encroaching upon the Government land and by GREASING – THE – PALMS of the officials at the places where the common area of coal extraction was going on, they would enter into the area of the Government coal extracting arena and would extract the coal and whisk away with that.
The third factor was that the private sector with their ahnds along with the gloves of the
Government officials at the Coal extracting arena were obtaining the licenses
for a very cheap rate. They would sell the coals at times even at a higher price
as against the Government sector , ie the NCDC.
This made Mrs Indira Gandhi to take a stern step and she NATIONALISED the Coal Industry, amalgamating the private sctor and the Government sector into one and thus the “ COAL INDIA LIMITED ” was formed .
Broadly speaking this was the true picture-:
In 1971, the Government of India nationalized all the 214 coking-coal mines and 12 coke-ovens running in the private sector, excluding those held by TISCO and IISCO for
their captive use. On 1 January 1972, a new Government company Bharat Coking
Coal Limited (BCCL) was formed to take control of these nationalized mines and
coke-ovens. Next year on 30 January 1973, all the remaining 711 non-coking
coalmines of the country in private sector were also nationalized. 184 of these
mines were handed over to BCCL, and remaining 527 were handed over to a newly
opened department Coal Mines Authority. 4 months later on 14 June 1973, this
department was converted into a separate Government company CMAL. NCDC, earlier
formed in 1957, was merged with CMAL, and 45% share-holding of Central
Government in Singareni Collieries Company Ltd was also handed over to CMAL.
CMAL started functioning with its 4 divisions, viz, Eastern Coalfields, Central
Coalfields, Western Coalfields, and Central Mine Planning and Design Institute.
By 1973, all coking coalmines were under BCCL, which was functioning as a
subsidiary of Steel Authority of India Ltd (SAIL) under Department of Steel of
the Ministry of Steel and Mines; and all non-coking coalmines were under CMAL,
which was under Department of Mines of the Ministry of Steel and Mines. For
better control, both BCCL and CMAL were brought on 11 October 1974 under the
Department of Coal (now an independent Ministry) of the newly formed Ministry
of Energy.
On 1 November 1975, a new public-sector company Coal India Limited (CIL) was
formed to enable better organizational and operational efficiency in coal
sector. All the 4 Divisions of CMAL were given the company status, and were
brought under CIL along with BCCL. 45% share-holding of the CMAL in Singareni
Collieries Company was also transferred to CIL, and CMAL was closed.
This is how the Coal india Limited completely came into existence and now it STANDS
as the …..“ NAV-RATNA ” , ie
ONE of the NINE jewel of the Public Sector Undertaking that exists here at
India.
Operation and Subsidiaries - ::
CIL is the largest coal producing company in the world. It produced 536.51 MT (million tonne) coal during FY2015-16.[26] Coal India operates through 83 mining areas in 8 states in India. As on 1 April 2015, it has 430 coal mines out of which 175 are open cast, 227 are underground and 28 are mixed mines Production from open cast mines during 2014-15 was 92.91% of total production of 494.24 MT.
Underground mines contributed to 7.09% of production. CIL further operates 15 coal washeries, out of which 12 are for coking coal and 3 are for non-coking coal with 23.30 MTY and 13.50 MTY capacities respectively. CIL's only Low Temperature
Carbonisation Plant of Dankuni Coal Complex is currently run on
lease basis by its subsidiary SECL. In addition to above, it also manages 200
other establishments like workshops, hospitals, training institutes,
mine-rescue setups, etc.
Pic :: The Yearwise Trend Of The production of Coal
Coal India Limited (CIL) produces coal through seven of its wholly owned subsidiaries. These are the -:
Coal India Limited (CIL) produces coal through seven of its wholly owned subsidiaries. These are the - :
Eastern Coalfields Limited (ECL), Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL), Central Coalfields Limited (CCL), Western Coalfields Limited (WCL), South Eastern Coalfields Limited (SECL), Northern Coalfield Limited (NCL), and Mahanadi Coalfields Limited (MCL).
It's 8th wholly owned subsidiary Central Mine Planning & Design Institute
Limited (CMPDIL) provides exploration, planning and technical support to all
the 7 production subsidiaries. CMPDIL also provides consulting services to
third-party market clients in the field of exploration, mining, allied
engineering & testing, management-systems, training, etc. The North Eastern
Coalfields (NEC) and Dankuni Coal Complex (DCC) are owned directly by the parent
holding company of CIL. However, DCC has been leased to SECL since 1995.
The Dankuni Coal Complex
Pursuant to the Fuel Policy of 1974, CIL also started the construction of India's First Low Temperature
Carbonisation Plant at Dankuni in the late 1970s. It was renamed as Dankuni Coal Complex, and is one of the only operational Coal Gas plant of this kind in the World .
Dankuni Coal Complex has been incurring heavy loss due to the Greater Calcutta Gas Supply Company (Previously known as Oriental Gas Co.) giving non-remunerative price and fixing them unilaterally. Coal India is planning to venture into Coal-to-Methanol technology at the existing Plant.
Well , that is it
Regards and Thanks
Pics
Shyamal Bhattacharjee
Mr Shyamal Bhattacharjee, the author was born at West Chirimiri Colliery at District Surguja, Chattisgarh on July 6th 1959 He received his early education at Carmel Convent School Bishrampur and later at Christ Church Boys' Higher Secondary School at Jabalpur. He later joined Hislop College at Nagpur and completed his graduation in Science and he also added a degree in B A thereafter. He joined the HITAVADA, a leading dailies of Central India at Nagpur as a Sub-Editor ( Sports ) but gave up to complete his MBA in 1984 He thereafter added a Diploma In Export Management. He has authored THREE books namely Notable Quotes and Noble Thought published by Pustak Mahal in 2001 Indian Cricket : Faces That Changed It published by Manas Publications in 2009 and Essential Of Office Management published by NBCA, Kolkatta in 2012. He has a experience of about 35 years in Marketing .
Signature of Shyamal Bhattacharjee
This website is maintained, managed and controlled by Mr Amook Vandan yadan, Cell Phone number 080908- 48585 from Varanasi .
Looking forward to seeing the complete picture of CIL. More of such thought provoking articles is expected in the future.
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