Heavy Scale Industry And Public Sector Undertakings :: From " MORROW " To " NARROW " -1000's To About 20
Industry,is a group
of productive enterprises or organizations that produce or supply goods,
services, or sources of income. In economics, industries are generally classified as primary,
secondary, tertiary, and quaternary; secondary industries are further
classified as heavy and light. Let us focus our study on the Heavy
Industry .
Heavy industry is a type of business that involves large-scale undertakings, big
equipment, large areas of land, high cost, and high barriers to entry. It is very different
and it stands in contrasts with light industry, and , or , in , production that is small-scale
, which can be completed in factories or small facilities, with costs that are less, and has lower barriers to entry.
What Are
Heavy Industry/Industries
Heavy Industries requires a clarification and a
differentiation and it could be differentiated in terms as well as in the
magnitude of it’s scale of production .Yet the categorization in terms of
example could be illiustrated as follw-:
Heavy Industries
·
Micro, Small &
Medium Enterprises.
·
Mining.
·
Chemicals and
Petrochemicals.
·
Corporate Governance.
·
Cottage.
·
Defense Products.
·
Fertilizers.
·
Food Processing.
The Ministry of Heavy
Industries is an executive agency of the Government of India. The Ministry
entails for promoting the engineering industry viz. machine tools, heavy
electrical, industrial machinery, and auto industry and administration of 29
operating CPSEs and 4
autonomous organizations
Once upon a time in India, if a mix could be taken thre were about 1000 Public Sector Units, that ranged from the Small Scale PSU to the Heavy Scale PSU. That was a sort of World Record. However now there are only a handful left as most of them have gone with the wind, and the Government of the day, be it the State Government or the Central Government that was responsible for the same.
What are some examples of heavy industry?
Examples would
include petroleum refining, steel and iron manufacturing ,
motor vehicle and heavy machinery manufacture, cement production, nonferrous
metal refining, meat-packing, and hydroelectric power generation . There could
be many or more but in short to be precise and to categorise the same, I have
named the few.
What are Heavy Industries Class 10 ?
1. Heavy Industries: Those industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials and
produce heavy goods in large quantity are called heavy industries,
e.g. Iron and Steel, Copper Smelting
This summarizes the Heavy Industries. Heavy Industry has been the centre of all the
fulcrum of India and her industrial production as well as her mean to provide the employment in different
units of this industry . It is really
surprising to believe that it has dwindled and gone off with nothing of it’s
remains to be seen .
Heavy Industry that remains now and that is still in the process
of it’s function, mostly are of the Defense sector and except those, a few, the
others might be some Public Sector Undertakings’ which could be termed as the
RATNA of Indian Industry, the other in the Heavy Industry and it’s sector have
gone away, not to be seen anymore now.
What could be the reason for these industries to dwindle and
then to go away in the due course of time. Well, there are many and one of the
greatest reason is the failure of the Government to equalize it in terms of
everything that starts from the pooling in the administration to run it in a
better manner to the profit and the sale of the goods manufactured by it in the
open market. It becomes important to study and read the achievement of the
Heavy Industry
Achievement Of The Heavy Industry Of India From 2013-14 to 2016-17 - ::
The achievement of the
Heavy Industry is illustrated here and at the bottom some bullet points are
mentioned, down below , of some Industry
which could be construed as equal to
Heavy Industry, when one takes it’s performance into consideration . However it
ought to be noted that in terms of performances, there hasn’t been anything
that could be termed as good , in terms of the leap and the growth that which
could be counted as business in the Heavy Industries, as illustrated in the
figure.
(All Values INR in Cr.)
|
Sl. No. |
Financial Year |
Revenue from Operation |
PBT |
|
1 |
2013-14 |
377.39 |
25.43 |
|
2 |
2014-15 |
402.14 |
13.89 |
|
3 |
2015-16 |
389.98 |
9.27 |
|
4 |
2016-17 |
449.35 |
33.92 |
·
·
For the last few Years,
Tea Division of AYCL is recognized as one of the “Top Quality Tea Producer” in
the Industry.
· Production of Tea has increased to 102.34 Lakhs kgs in the FY-2016-17. Today, AYCL export Tea to various countries in the world.
·
Highest Turnover of Rs
90.00 Crs. in Electrical Division – Kolkata Operation was achieved in the FY
-2016-17, also Electrical Division – Chennai Operation has achieved the highest
turnover of Rs 66.90 Cr in the same Financial Year.
·
Last Year, Engineering
Division achieved all time high steel consumption of 917 MT for Industrial Fans
and 310 MT for Bridge Girder.
·
Bagged 220kV Grade
Transformer Order from TSGENCO and already executed in 2017-18.
·
Developed and first
billed 100kVA Distribution Transformer using Amorphous Core in the FY 2016-17.
·
Developed and received
first Order of Cast Resin Transformer Order in FY 2016-17 and executed
successfully.
·
Opened two new business
verticals in Air Pollution Control (APC) and Water Pollution Control (WPC).
·
Developed successfully
new Axial Fans with adjustable Blades in FY 2015-16 and doing business
thereafter.
·
Electrical Division –
Kolkata Operation Project Wing executed maiden Order of 10kWp Solar Power Plant
in FY 2017-18.
·
As part of its
initiatives under “Corporate Social Activities” (CSR), the company had
undertaken projects in the field of Education, Skill Development, Women
Empowerment, Health, Water Sanitation, Village Development etc.
The Heavy Industries which produces on a very large scale are generally classified and categorized under the large scale industries. Many of those have been given a place in the Public Sector Enterprises and it’s category for the one’s to distinguish it for.
Public Sector
Enterprises And their Structure
Around the world, as economies developed, governments
left business activities to individuals and private
organizations while keeping essential services. Over years, many governments
observed that the private sector avoided areas with long gestation periods like
oil exploration, infrastructure development, etc.
Further, industries developed around region rich in
natural resources, skilled labor, and proximity to a market, leading to a
regional imbalance and this eventually, led to the evolution of public enterprises where
the government started participating directly in businesses. Hence,
a Public Enterprises or a Public Sector Enterprise is a business unit which the
government owns, controls, and manages.
Public Enterprises and
their Structures
A commonly accepted definition of a
public enterprise is -
“Any
commercial or industrial undertaking which the government owns and manages with
a view to maximize social welfare and uphold the public interest.”
Characteristics of
Public Enterprises
The primary characteristics of public enterprises
are:
·
They function under the direct control of the government
and some are even established under statutes and Companies Act. Therefore, public enterprises are
autonomous or Semi-Autonomous in nature.
·
Either the State or the Central government can control
a public sector enterprise.
·
Primarily, the objective of establishing a public
enterprise is to serve the public. They can supply essential goods/services at
reasonable prices and also create employment opportunities.
·
A public enterprise endeavors to serve all section
of people in the community.
·
In some sectors, private organizations do not have
permission to operate. Therefore, the public sector enterprises enjoy a
monopoly in operation. For example, the State enterprises have a monopoly in Energy production, Railways, and Post
and Telegraph services.
·
Sometimes, the country receives financial/technological
assistance from the international community for the development of industries.
These grants are applied through public enterprises.
·
Public sector enterprises are liable to the general
public for their actions.
·
These enterprises help in the implementation of the
economic plans and policies of the government.
·
The government makes the primary investment in a public
sector enterprise. However, they arrange finance for the day-to-day operation
making it financially independent.
Organization of Public
Enterprises
The overall totality of the Public Sector
Undertaking ( PSU) is large and they are further categorized with their
production being the case and the points that is studied to classify them . That, thus puts the Public Sector into
different categories and classifications and hence the Public Sector Undertakings
are classified into three main categories-:
In India, public sector enterprises have three
different forms of organization:
1. Departmental Undertaking – which is primarily used for
providing essential services like railways, postal services, etc. to the general
public. A Ministry of the Government controls such organizations in the same
way as any other department in the government. This form of a public enterprise
is apt for activities which require governmental control for the public
interest.
2. Statutory or Public Corporation – The
Parliament or State Legislature can create a corporate body through a Special
Act which defines its functions, powers, and pattern of management. This is a Statutory
or Public Corporation. In this form, the government provides the entire
capital. Some examples, Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), State
Trading Corporation, etc.
Government Company – is a company in which the government holds at least 51 percent of the paid-up capital. A Government Company is registered under the Companies Act. Further, all the provisions of the Act are applicable to such a company. Some examples, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Bharat Electronics Limited, etc
Time bound closure of sick and loss making Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs)
Some of the CPSEs under the administrative control of DHI were chronically sick and continuously in losses for the last 10-15 years. Various efforts made in the past to revive these companies failed. The companies were not in a position to pay even salaries and other retirement dues to their employees timely. They became dependent upon budgetary support from GOI. The Government has, therefore, closed down Hindustan Cables Limited, Tungabhadra Steel Plant Limited (TSPL), HMT Watches Ltd., HMT Chinar Watches Ltd., HMT Bearings Ltd, Instrumentation Ltd, (Kota Unit) and HMT Tractor Division, Pinjore by offering an attractive VRS / VSS for their employees. Disposal of movable & immovable assets and liquidation of outstanding liabilities is underway.
NBCC(India) Ltd has been appointed as Land Management Agency for disposal of land and other immovable assets as per DPE guidelines.
That is it
Regards and Thanks
Pics
Shyamal Bhattacharjee
Mr Shyamal Bhattacharjee, the author was born at West Chirimiri Colliery at District Surguja, Chattisgarh on July 6th 1959 He received his early education at Carmel Convent School Bishrampur and later at Christ Church Boys' Higher Secondary School at Jabalpur. He later joined Hislop College at Nagpur and completed his graduation in Science and he also added a degree in B A thereafter. He joined the HITAVADA, a leading dailies of Central India at Nagpur as a Sub-Editor ( Sports ) but gave up to complete his MBA in 1984 He thereafter added a Diploma In Export Management. He has authored THREE books namely Notable Quotes and Noble Thought published by Pustak Mahal in 2001 Indian Cricket : Faces That Changed It published by Manas Publications in 2009 and Essential Of Office Management published by NBCA, Kolkatta in 2012. He has a experience of about 35 years in Marketing .
This website is maintained , controlled and managed by OOK’S Technologies, by Mr Amook Vandan Yadav , Phone Number 8090848585 , Varanasi
Comments
Post a Comment