Pics - :: Wildlife And Wild Animals
Wild
Life And Animals :: Why It Is Important And Necessary For India To Have Them
HUMAN RACE WOULD LANGUISH AND THE WORLD WOULD " DIE " IN ANGUISH ”
.
The forestry’s and the existence of the wild life thus becomes
very important .It is as good as saying that without the Camel, the desert will
be soon off the geographical existence and without the FISH FEED BIRDS the one’s
which lives on the Fish , for example the Strokes, the water will also see it’s
end.
For the human race to be at it’s place it is necessary that the
animals be it the herbivorous or be it the carnivorous ought to remain and ought to be there and
those makes the forest to survive by some means.
However dense a forest might be it will have no value to add for
itself if there are no birds and the animals in it and without these the forest
too does not dwells to become dense.
There could be many an argument as to which and what and how
many kind of animals that should be allowed to live, grow and flower themselves
in the forest but there are THREE species that are needed for the forest to
survive as without these the herbivorous could survive but never the carnivorous
.
I shall write on these three which should be made to survive if
the Indian Forest ought to survive.
I start my write up with the Tiger
TIGERS - :
ALL ABOUT SPECIALITIES OF TIGERS - :
Pic - : Tiger
Size
Cline Morphology
Four out the five living tiger subspecies' morphology (physical
structure and appearance) exhibit a cline. A cline occurs when a single species
gradually begins to look different over its geographic distribution as it
adapts to varying climates and habitats. Therefore the species at the northern
end of their geographic distribution may look very different in size, color,
hair-density, etc. than their southern counterparts. The Tiger cline depicts
subspecies decrease in size and have darker stripe coloration the further south
their range extends.
The largest tigers are found in the north, gradually becoming
smaller in the south.
Adult male Amur tigers (Panthera tigris altaica) may weigh up to
300 kg. (660 lb) and measure about 3.3 m. (10.9 ft) in length. Females are
smaller, weighing between 100 to 167 kg (200 to 370 lb) and measure about 2.6
meters (8.5 ft) in length.
Adult male Bengal tigers (Panthera tigris tigris) weigh about
220 kg (480 lb) and measure about 2.9 m (9.5 ft) in length. Females are
slightly smaller with an average weight of 140 kg (300 lb) and 2.5 m (8 ft) in
length.
The South China tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis) are native to
South Central China. Males weigh about 150 kg (330 lb) and are about 2.5 m (8
ft) in length. Females weigh are smaller, weighing about 110 kg (240 lb) and
are about 2.3 m (7.5 ft) in length.
Adult male Indo-Chinese tigers (Panthera tigris corbetti) may
weigh up to 182 kg (400 lb) and measure about 2.8 m (9ft) in length. Females
are smaller, weighing about 115 kg (250 lb) and measure about 2.4 meters (8 ft)
in length.
Adult male Sumatran tigers (Panthera tigris sumatrae) may weigh
up to 120 kg (265 lb) and measure about 2.4 m (8 ft) in length. Females are
slightly smaller, weighing about 90 kg (198 lb) and measure about 2.2 m (7 ft)
in length.
Legs, Feet & Claws-:
The hind legs of the tiger are longer than their front legs.
This characteristic enables them to leap forward distances up to 10 meters (32.5
ft).
The bones of the tiger's front legs are strong and dense to
support the large musculature needed to take down large prey.
The bones in each of the tiger's feet are tightly connected by
ligaments enabling them to buffer the impact of landing from running, pouncing
and leaping.
Tigers have large padded feet that enable them to silently stalk
prey in the Asian jungles.
The padded feet of a Bengal tiger that enables it to silently
stalk prey.
The claws of the tiger are up to 10 centimeters (4 in) in length
and are used to grasp and hold onto prey. Each paw has four of these claws and
one specialized claw called a dewclaw. A dewclaw is located farther back on the
foot and thereby does not touch the ground when walking. Dewclaws function
similarly to thumbs in that they are used for grasping prey and aid in
climbing.
Tiger claws are retractable in that ligaments hold them in a
protective skin sheath when their not being used. The ligaments are in a
relaxed position when the claws are retracted thereby expending no musculature
effort. Tigers retract their claws to ensure that they remain sharp for times
when they are needed and to tread silently up to unsuspecting prey. Other
ligaments will extract the claws when attacking prey or defending themselves
which does require musculature effort.
Tiger claws are curved which enables them to superiorly grasp
and hold large prey and climb trees head-first. However, the claws' curvature,
the tiger's size and weight is a great hindrance in climbing down from trees.
Tigers must either crawl backwards or jump down from trees, making them the
most inferior climbers of the big cat family.
Head & Collarbone
The skull of the tiger is stout and rounded in shape which
provides more support for their powerful jaws.
The stout, rounded shape of the tiger's head provides support
for its powerful jaws.
Tigers' powerful jaw muscles are attached to a bony ridge that
lay on top of the skull called the sagittal crest. These muscles function to
rapidly clamp down on prey with crushing force.
The sagittal crest is a bony ridge on top of the
tiger's skull that attaches its powerful jaw muscles.
Tigers have a reduced-sized clavicle (collarbone). This
characteristic enables them to attain greater stride lengths because the
smaller clavicle allows for a wider, unrestricted range of movement of the
scapula (shoulder blade) when running.
Dentition
Tigers have fewer teeth than other carnivores such as dogs (42
teeth) with only 30 teeth.
All cats have deciduous (temporary) teeth that come in within a
week or two after birth. These teeth are referred to as milk teeth similar to
humans' baby teeth. The milk teeth are eventually replaced by the permanent
ones. Therefore they are seldom without a set of teeth.
Tigers have the largest canines of all big cat species ranging
in size from 6.4 to 7.6 centimeters (2.5 to 3.0 in) in length. The canines have
abundant pressure-sensing nerves that enable the tiger to identify the location
needed to sever the neck of its prey.
Tigers have the largest canines of all big cat species.
The back teeth of the tiger are called carnassials which enables
the tiger to shear meat from their prey like knife blades. They swallow
large-sheared pieces of meat whole.
Tigers are capable of penetrating deeply into their prey because
of the large gap between the carnassials (back teeth) and the canines hold prey
tightly.
The small incisors located in the front of the mouth (between
the two top and bottom canines) enable the tiger to pick off meat and feathers
from their prey.
Digestion
The process of converting meat to protein (needed for energy) is
significantly less complicated in carnivores than it is to convert grass to
protein as some herbivores require. Carnivores do not require the vast amount
of microbes (microscopic bacteria) living in their intestines to break down
indigestible plant cellulose. Therefore tigers and other carnivores have small
and light weight stomachs that do not hinder them when they are accelerating
quickly to chase prey.
Tail
A tiger's tail is about one meter in length (3 ft) and may play
a part in their visual communication (see communication- vision section).
Tigers use their tails to enhance their visual communication.
Tigers use their tail for balance when making sharp turns in
pursuit of prey.
Tongue
The tiger's tongue is covered with numerous small, sharp,
rear-facing projections called papillae. These papillae gives the tongue is
rough, rasping texture and is designed to help strip feathers, fur and meat
from prey.
Tigers have papillae-covered tongues that help them strip
feathers, fur and meat from prey.
Hair & Coloration
The hair of the tiger provides camouflage, warmth and protection
for them.
Tigers possess two types of hair, guard hair and underfur. The
guard hairs are longer and more durable than the underfur and mainly function
for protection purposes. The primary function of the tiger's hair is for
warmth. The underfur traps air which insulates the tiger's body thereby keeping
it warm.
Tigers are the only large cat species to have distinctive striping
located on both the hair and skin of the tiger.
Many tigers possess stripes on their face, sides, legs and
stomach. The striping is varied in width, length, whether they are single or
double-looped, coloration from a light brown to dark black and are not
symmetrical from one side of the tiger to the other.
Single-loop striping
Double-loop striping
The stripe patterning on top of the tiger's head resembles the
Chinese character of "wang" which means "king."
The Chinese character of Wang means King.
The stripe pattern on top of the tiger's head resembles the Wang
character.
Tiger Background Coloration:
Many tigers possess the light yellow-orange to deep
reddish-orange background coloration.
Black or melanistic colored tigers have been reported but
further research is required before assessing whether these sightings were of
true melanistic tigers or darker versions of the orange tiger (with few large
broad dark stripes).
Tigers with white background coloration are not considered
albinos. An albino would be pure white in color (no striping) and would have
pink or red eyes. White tigers are leucocystic meaning that they have a
recessive gene that causes them to lack dark colors. Therefore they usually
have a white color with light to medium brown striping and blue eyes. For
unknown reasons, white tigers seem to grow bigger and at a faster rate than
their orange counterparts.
Tiger background coloration is variable.
There have been reported sightings of blue tigers. There is
little evidence supporting this color variation in tigers. However, since the
blue colored trait exists in some lynx and bobcat families; it is not ruled out
as a possibility.
Tigers have distinctive white circular spots on the backside of
their ears. There are two ideas as to the function of these eyespots. One of
which is that they function as "false eyes"; making the tiger seem
bigger and watchful to a potential predator attacking from the rear. The other
idea is that they play a role in aggressive communication because when threatened
tigers may twist their ears around so that the backs face forward. This
prominently displays the distinctive white markings. The function of the white
markings is probably a combination of both ideas.
Tigers have distinctive white circular spots on the backside of
their ears.
That is all about Tigers
The next, a very important species of the four legged animal
that ought to be made to survive are the Deers.
I shall describe them over here .
DEERS
All About Deer - :
Pic - :: Deer
Deer are members of the order Artiodactyle, which means that
they have hoofs with an even number of toes.
Deer can be found around the world. They are native to all
continents except for Australia and Antarctica. There are about 100 types of
deer, including the whitetail deer, reindeer, elk, moose, mule deer, blacktail
deer and caribou.
Male deer are called bucks, bulls, stags or harts. Female deer
are called does, cows or hinds. Young deer are called fawns or calfs.
Deer can adapt well to just about any habitat. They prefer to
live in "edge" habitats. Edges are human-made or natural habitat
breaks, for instance from woods to croplands. They will use the woodlands for
cover and shelter and the open land to graze in. In northern latitudes, deer
may live in different areas in the summer and winter months. These areas can be
as far as 30 miles apart.
Deer are the only animals that have antlers. They are the
fastest growing living tissue on earth. Antlers are usually only found on
males. In some species, like caribou, you will also find them on females. Moose
have the largest antlers.
Antlers grow from spring until fall. While growing, antlers are
covered with a soft tissue known as velvet. This tissue contains a network of
nerves and blood vessels and is very sensitive. In the fall, the velvet is shed
and the antlers harden. In the winter, the antlers are shed. Antlers should not
be confused with horns. Horns are never shed and continue to grow throughout
the animal's life. If they are broken, they won't grow back.
Deer have a great sense of hearing. They have a lot of muscles
attached to their ears which allow them to turn their ears in any direction,
without moving their heads. They can hear higher frequencies of sound than
humans.
The brown coat of the deer provides great camouflage in the
woodlands. By standing still, they can go undetected by a passing predator. Fawns
have a reddish-brown color covered with white spots, which help camouflage them
and disappear when they are 3-4 months old. In the fall, deer will shed their
summer coat and receive a much thicker winter coat.
Deer have their eyes on the sides of their head, giving them a
310 degree view. This wide view does make it hard for deer to focus on a single
point. Deer have a good night vision, which is useful in the early morning and
near dusk.
The last that I wish to lay importance are the rabbits, and
these are the few lines I write about them
RABBITS - :
Rabbit, any of 28 species of long-eared mammals belonging to the
family Leporidae, excluding hares (genus Lepus). Frequently the terms rabbit
and hare are used interchangeably, a practice that can cause confusion—
jackrabbits, for instance, are actually hares, whereas the rockhares and the
hispid hare are rabbits.
Pic - :: Rabbit
Rabbits are ground dwellers that live in environments ranging
from desert to tropical forest and wetland. Their natural geographic range
encompasses the middle latitudes of the Western Hemisphere. In the Eastern
Hemisphere rabbits are found in Europe, portions of Central and Southern
Africa, the Indian subcontinent, Sumatra, and Japan. The European rabbit
(Oryctolagus cuniculus) has been introduced to many locations around the world,
and all breeds of domestic rabbit originate from the European. Nearly half of
the world’s rabbit species are in danger of extinction; many are among the most
vulnerable of all mammals.
The long ears of rabbits are most likely an adaptation for
detecting predators. In addition to their prominent ears, which can measure up
to 6 cm (more than 2 inches) long, rabbits have long, powerful hind legs and a
short tail. Each foot has five digits (one reduced); rabbits move about on the
tips of the digits in a fashion known as digitigrade locomotion. Full-bodied
and egg-shaped, wild rabbits are rather uniform in body proportions and stance.
The smallest is the pygmy rabbit (Brachylagus idahoensis), at only 20 cm in
length and 0.4 kg (0.9 pound) in weight, while the largest grow to 50 cm and
more than 2 kg. The fur is generally long and soft, and its colour ranges
through shades of brown, gray, and buff. Exceptions are the black Amami rabbit
(Pentalagus furnessi) of Japan and two black-striped species from Southeast
Asia. The tail is usually a small puff of fur, generally brownish but white on
top in the cottontails (genus Sylvilagus) of North and South America.
That is it
Well , that is it and That sums it all.
Regards and Thanks
Pics
Shyamal Bhattacharjee
Mr Shyamal Bhattacharjee, the author was born at West Chirimiri Colliery at District Surguja, Chattisgarh on July 6th 1959 He received his early education at Carmel Convent School Bishrampur and later at Christ Church Boys' Higher Secondary School at Jabalpur. He later joined Hislop College at Nagpur and completed his graduation in Science and he also added a degree in B A thereafter. He joined the HITAVADA, a leading dailies of Central India at Nagpur as a Sub-Editor ( Sports ) but gave up to complete his MBA in 1984 He thereafter added a Diploma In Export Management. He has authored THREE books namely Notable Quotes and Noble Thought published by Pustak Mahal in 2001 Indian Cricket : Faces That Changed It published by Manas Publications in 2009 and Essential Of Office Management published by NBCA, Kolkatta in 2012. He has a experience of about 35 years in Marketing .
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