The " PSYCHOMETRIC- PSYCHO - SOCIO " Analysis Of Indian Sports And Behaviour Of Indian Sportspersonality
Sports And Personality
Personality
and the SPORTS PERSONALITY are two DIFFERENT words but they carry the same
meaning .We in India always intermingle the two words thinking always that the
meaning that comes out of it are very same but in actuals the charecteristics
differs and the behavior too are very different, as the individuals in sports
are different from the individual those who are not in sports but play sports,
for some reason and those who are entirely professional oriented who watch
sports but are noway related to sports.
Let
us get into the act of defining who and what are the personalities in common
and rhgwn distinguish it from the sports personality.
Personality
has been defined as the relatively stable organization of an individual’s character,
temperament, intellect, and physique, which
shapes the individual’s behavior and his or
her actions in a given situation. For each individual, there
are core personality components that are quite
stable and unchanging. However, when one observes
patterns of behavior in an individual not
only his or her base psychological core should be considered
but also the dynamic organization within the individual that determines
his or her unique adjustment to the environment.
In essence, the interaction between the
core trait and the peripheral (e.g., state)
aspects of the individual’s behavior defines his
or her personality.
It is here that the personality from the common stage of an
individual gets separated from the personalities of the sports person. Sports
personanilities are those who play their game within the boundary, the rules
and the laws, and the regulation that are set to confirm about their
superiority over their rivals and their behavior in the court or the field
where they play the games or the sports are different. It is KILL the opponent
to achieve the VICTORY.
A SPORTSPEWRSON always everyday on the FIELD KILLS his opponent
to keep him alive to meet him again to KILL him to get his VICTORY. This
KILLING of the opponent without causing him any harm to his life or without
possessing any danger to him for his life seperates the SPORTS PERSONAILTY from
the others and thus the PSYCHOLOGY of the sports person differs from the
others.
Sports personalities play the sports to create a SPIRIT of
building a relation of ENIMITY for his opponent only to forget that once he has
vanquished his opponent. This feeling of vanquishing his opponent to keep him
afloat and alive to meet him once again to defeat him and to be victorious is
the SPIRIT OF SPORTS and this creates a SPORTSMAN SPIRIT. This is what the
individuals of the sports personalities are and this build the CHARACTER that
we call it as SPORTS CHARACTER and it is here the sports personalities are very
different from the other individuals.
The TRAITS of the sports personalities are different from the
other and sports psychology always makes a sports personality fall back to find
out always a new means of discoveries to keep himself ahead of his rivals and
this makes the sports personanlities possessing a different kind of a habit and
a character which is different from the others.
This interaction between the core
traits and peripheral aspects in the individual
is expanded in a current view on personality. This view, called the “ New
Big Five,” is composed of five different aspects associated with the concept of
personality:
The
Concept Of Big New “ FIVE ” Of Sports - ::
(1)
A sports personality is an individual personality, an individual’s unique variation on the
general evolutionary design for human nature,
expressed as a developing pattern of behavior and his attitude
(2)
dispositional traits,
(3)
characteristic adaptations, and
(4)
integrative life stories complexly and
differentially situated (5) in culture. According to this view, the
psychology of personality should provide an
integrative framework for understanding how each
person is like all other persons
(understanding species typical characteristics of
human nature), like some
other persons (understanding
(5)
individual differences in common
characteristics), and like no other person (understanding
unique patterns of an individual’s life).
Based on the New Big Five approach,as we have desdcribed here
and as that often is seen amongst the sports personailities, a psychological
profile is often used to
describe the type of personality that is
exhibited by the individual (e.g., an
athlete).
Every different sports personalities playing different kind of a
game or a sports will have a different characteristics when he plays his game
as the game he plays exhibits a different type of skill and pattern, but the
end and the common trait would be the same. He or she wants to win and move
ahead in the competition. Thus the end pattern always remain the same but the
characteristics keeps of differing as the sport or the game that he or she
plays are different.
The
DIFFERENCE between ELITE and the OTHERS
The
behavioural pattern, the attitude and the desires of the elite sports
personalities are different . They have a mass following and
their behavior differs as always because they not only have to play to keep
winning so that their supporters and it’s base remains constant and their
payments through various mode keeps coming to them. This at times makes their
behavior very abrupt and distracting. Their psychology and it’s profile also
changes according to the wins or the loses that they suffer while playing.
Pic 3 - :: The Mental Health Of Elite Athlete produced by different sporting system at Eastern Bloc
In the recent concluded Olympics, Novak Djokovic who is a real
COOL and a JOVIAL character, while playing his singles match, threw his racquet
in the stand while he was facing it very hard to adjust to the Japanese climate
which was dry, and sultry beside throwing so much of heat. His victory was leaving
him by miles and he was trying all the time to keep himself in the hunt. The
chasm between the two as described could not be bridged by him to the narrowest
distance possible and all of a sudden, the burst inside came out of him. This
is a PSYCHOLOGY and it is this psychology that this article is all about.
For example, elite performers in
sport are expected to be highly motivated
toward practicing hard, aimed at enhancing their abilities and skills, focusing
on their performance, and coping effectively with
physical (e.g., illness, injury) and mental
(e.g., failure, lack of playing time) barriers. A
unique psychological profile (i.e., a “sport personality”) consisting of sport-relevant
psychological characteristics is required to
attain high performance standards. In addition, individuals act in given
settings that also have the potential to influence their
personality.
In any event that one competes in sports and
in sports athletes are typically required to
execute acts in particular settings (e.g.,
practice sessions, competitions, games), where
they are exposed to specific task and
environmental demands. Under such conditions,
observed behavior depends largely on the
interaction between the athlete’s core
personality and the environmental demands.
Therefore, personality is
composed not only of core psychological characteristics but also of an arsenal
of plans, strategies, and skills that individuals
implement to achieve their goals. The integrated approach of the core
psychological characteristics (i.e., “hard” aspect) and the
skills and strategies (i.e., “soft” aspect) that are
used by the individual is adopted in our discussion on personality and
psychological characteristics of elite athletes. This is what we had observed
in Djokovic at Tokya Olympics this time,and this is what I wanted to describe
and I have taken the eample of Djokovic to make it fine and common.
The Psychological Clinics And The Adaption of Mental Strength
Since
the early 1960s, researchers in sport psychology
(SP) have used introspective tools to measure the
personality profile of athletes.
Picture 2 - :: The " B-S-So-P " Factors Of Sports That Is Being Followed By The OLYMPIC GIANTS Nation To Build It Sports Personalities in Equesterian Events of Olympics as an example
The
the earliest tools for measuring
personality were the Minnesota Multiphasic
Personality Inventory which is abbreviated as ( MMPI) and the
Cattell 16PF Questionnaire. These personality
tests were typically given to adult athletes who
had already attained the highest level of performance in their sport. The
personality scores of these high achievers were compared with those
of nonathletes or with general population norms.
This
test revealed all about the attitude and the behavior of the sports
personalities and their difference between the non sports personalities. The
test conducted and the results varied from sportsperson playing for their
nation and were of the LEGEND qualities, like Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer and
Michael Phelp, to the sports persoanlities who were placed below the rung and
the rank of these kind of a sportsperson, and those who were sportsperson but
were without any credits and credentials like those who participated in any
famous sports event , are sportsman but are without any titles or medals.
Personality tests failed to
associate specific traits with sport performance
and ignored the unique psychological
characteristics related to sport performers. Consequently,
sport-related psychological skills questionnaires were
developed. An example of one of these questionnaires was the
Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports (PSIS),
developed by Michael J. Mahoney, T.
J. Gabriel, and T. S. Perkins, which measured the psychological skills
athletes use in practice and competition. This inventory and
others, such as the Self-Analysis of
Mental Skills (SAMS), developed by J. R.
Grove and S. J. Hanrahan, and the
Ottawa Mental Skills Assessment Tool (OMSAT),
developed by Jordache D. Bota, were
administered to elite and novice athletes.
Specifically, the psychological strengths and weaknesses of the
novice and elite athletes were assessed. In some of the studies using
questionnaires related to sport, a number of methodological (e.g., sample size
or sample availability) or conceptual (e.g., the difficulty in defining the
term elite athlete)
concerns were noted, and therefore, determining the
psychological characteristics associated with skill levels was limited
and still remains inconclusive.
To overcome the methodological and
conceptual barriers associated with personality-testing
instruments, such as the MMPI or PSIS, in-depth interviews and narrative
stories have been among the alternative methodologies used for determining
sport-related psychological characteristics. In the
in-depth interviews, athletes are asked
about the psychological attributes and
characteristics that most helped them to attain
their athletic performance. From the narrative stories (e.g.,
autobiographies, biographies told by athletes),
researchers obtained unique information on the
athletes’ personal journey of “climbing to the top,” which helped
to provide insight into the psychological
characteristics or skills central to the athletes’ achievements.
Psychological
Characteristics
Among the psychological characteristics of elite athletes
are - :
(a) commitment (the
dedication to devote oneself to all
activities associated with the selected sport from early
phases of talent development until achieving sport
expertise);
(b) internal
motivation (the internal drive of the athlete to direct
his or her effort toward achieving
high-standard goals, such as the willingness
to be involved in a multiphased task-pertinent
training program for an extended period of
time, the desire to excel in competition, and the
ability to cope with feelings of discomfort and failure);
(c) learning
capability (the ability to learn
complex sport skills);
(d) control (the
command of the ongoing events on and off the court, field, or gym); (e) competitiveness (the
ability to compete against others and
strive for success);
(f) self-confidence (the
belief in one’s ability to achieve the best results
while overcoming physical and psychological barriers);
(g) adaptability (the
ability to perform well under unfavorable
conditions); and
(h) mental
toughness (the ability to control emotions and thoughts, and
to remain focused under challenging and stressful conditions, particularly
under negative circumstances).
The aforementioned psychological
characteristics have been observed in
athletes in both team and individual
sports. However, in some early studies
comparing the personalities of athletes of
various sports with nonathletes, it was evident that athletes who
played team sports demonstrated less abstract
reasoning, more extraversion, more dependency,
and less ego strength than nonathletes. Athletes
who competed in individual sports exhibited higher levels
of objectivity and dependency, and less
abstract thinking, compared exhibited higher
levels of objectivity and dependency, and
less abstract thinking, compared to nonathletes.
In regards to the female athlete, early
research showed that female athletes were
more achievement-oriented, independent, aggressive,
emotionally stable, and assertive than female non-athletes.
Psychological Skills
Elite athletes have been found to possess various mental skills
that are at significantly higher levels than those of
less-than-elite athletes. Specifically, the following psychological
skills have been found to be used by elite
athletes and associated with their efforts to achieve
high levels of proficiency in their sports: (a) goal setting (the
ability to set challenging but realistic goals for short and long-term
periods);
(b) imagery (the
ability to imagine oneself successfully performing a
sporting act);
(c) focusing
attention (the ability to focus effectively, ignore
external distractions, and avoid negative
internal thoughts);
(d) emotional
control (the ability to stay calm when feeling anxious or
nervous or to become “psyched-up” when not
appropriately aroused or excited); and
(e) psychological
routines (the use of pre-,
during-, and post-performance routines to self-regulate
behavior and emotional states before, during, and after performing the sporting
act).
Psychological
Characteristics and Skills of Young Athletes
The psychological characteristics of the sportsman who are
non internationals and are trying to make it big are different from those who
are a household name in sports for their countries. Here the character and the
psychology differs and it is very different from them as described above who are the internationals.
The internationals always crave to keep their position
intact knowing fully well that a slip or an downfall in the results would put
them on the hook and that might have a
bearing in the larger and longer run crucifying his status and place in the side
and they become passive at trimes. Hence they compromise if required to
maintain themselves at the right place. The class example was of Sourav Ganguly
in the Indo-Aussie Test series which had ended in a 1-1 draw and that was the
last series and the Test that Steve Waugh was playing. Inspite of having a lead
in the first innings of over 400 runs Sourav did not enforce the follow-on to
kill the Aussies in that match and the Test. Instead he preferred to play sagfe
by abtting and help match to peter out in a safe draw. That cost India the Test
series win at the expense of keeping the captaincy of Sourav intact. This is
the mental strength and the psychology on the Indian sports person. In the same
context Geoffrey Boycott was dropped from the team for his 246 unbeaten run in
1967, the reasonwas that the selectors found that he was batting for himself
and not for his team. This is where the Indian sports differ from the foreign
sports and this in the long run differentiates the medal and NO-MEDALS
for India. Barring a few Indian sportsman . most of the Indian sports
personalities have been PASSIVE with a RETARDED
bent of mind and they play just to win somehow for most of the times so that
maybe that victory could fetch them the booty for their future to be secured. This is where our sports is backward in
strength to win for most of the times.
The Characteristic
Of Free Mind And The Caged Mind Sports Personalities
Plainly and FRANKLY , sports is attached to HORMONES, GENES,
JEANS , ELEMENTS , BRAIN and the
STRENGTH of the MUSCLES and BONES. One might
be too argumentative and would FLOSS and BURY , depending on their thinking,
the level of the thoughts that they possess, if I have to write about the
differential and difference in characteristic of the Indian sports
personalities and their adversaries or their competitor and this is what it
makes all the difference between them to win the medal or to loose them .
Pic-:: The " BIOPSYCHOSOCIOLOGICAL " Model of Sports Development of a Sports personality
The Indian sports personalities are weak as compared to
their foreign counterpart because the elements that I have described above that
constitutes the body is weak. The GREATEST reason why it is so is the BIOLOGICAL development of their body which is not at all synchronising it with the psychological developement and that causes a trauma when the results comes out of the same.
In foreign countries the first thing that each does is
BALANCE of the CONSTITUENTS of the body to maintain the physiques and to
synchronise it with the nature. This helps them to maintain their shape, their
body in all the way.
It is a FACT that SEX is the ingredient that is badly needed
at the APPROPRIATE time to balance the entire elements of the body to keep it
in balance and proper shape. A SEX at the appropriate time not only helps to
maintain the elements of the body at the appropriate place but the soul that
comes out of it is also of a very healthy nature. There is a balance of
everything that is needed in the body to turn it and mould it to the required
level of physical attainment which is needed by the event of the sports to make them the winners or help stand
them on the PODIUM.
The foreigners especially in the countries in the WEST be it
anyone, they have the SEX with anybody or anyone if there is a mutual consent
and agreement between the two that has it. No sooner that a soul from those
countries attain a age of 18 they go out for this. It is because the body
internally starts changing its elements from the age of 18 and this change
slowly keeps on changing till the age of 21 to 23 years. It is that time the
internal elements of the body to keep it stable and in the condition original,
needs the physical pleasure and this is not done in the INDIAN SOCIETY as this
is an CRIME and an UNACCEPTABLE norm in the Indian society.
The social laws and the rules that prevails at the western
countries are alike in their nation when it comes to nation and the nation
situated differently geographically and the born child is taken care by the
SOCIETAL NORMS of the Government of those countries.
It is a FUNDAMENTAL of BIRTH and CONCIEVE process that is
NATURALLY and BIOLOGICALLY attuned with the nature that a new born baby if
delivered by the mother whose age is between 19 to 23 are fully HEALTHY in all
respect and the most important factor is that their BRAIN are very strong and
it catches the things fast. This is very ESSENTIAL in sports . Heere in our
country the condition is such that a Father finds it very hard to get a proper
bride for his daughter from his own community with that class that he
possesses. The delay in marriage here at india produces the newly born baby who
are thus weak and they remain weak in one way or the other and this weakness is
evidently seen when they perform in the international competition. The mind,
brain and the body gets tired very easily and it becomes very hard for them to
maintain that kind of a consistent performance that is expected by them to
maintain to win the titles for them and
for India as a nation.
This was evidently
witnessed when Aditi Ashok lost in the final rounds of her Golf match at Tokyo,
and by the Indian Eves when they played against Argentina. Has there been ONE
more day of REST for recuperation for the Indian ladies in Hockey at Argentina
before the game against them in this Olympics the Indian eves would have turned
the table. It was very clearly witnessed by me when they played Argentina and
when Argentina started pressing them from the Lefdt flank of India in the 2nd
quarter of that match. They had observed that weakness by their analyst of the team on the computer and they
pressed India continuously from that area to score the equalizer .The Indian
lasy playing in that position was trying too hard to come up to the required
level of expectations but she was totally finding it difficult.The strain to
play matches at the Astro – Turf within a gap of 24 hours was NOT enough for
that lady to perform to her BEST of abilities because her body had NOT
recuperated.
Her physicality simply demonstrated that her MUSCLES
STRENGTH was weak and her MENTAL strength was taking a back seat. This was
because of MALNUTRITION, lack of the VITAMINS in her body to give the necessary
strength to her bones, her muscles and the weakness in therms of the genes and
the jeans that she was carrying. It was clearly evident that after her birth
she perhaps might NOT have got MILK as well to feed her body either from the
mother or even from the cows as the family would not have been able to provide
it to her. This weakness and this deficiency carried and carried till the
moment when she needed it badly at the time when she was playing against
Argentina. That BLEW India.Had it been provided to her consistently and
regularly when she needed it the most during her formative stage of
development, the story for her could have been different.
THIS IS ALL ABOUT THE
PSYCHOLOGY, THE PHYSIOLOGY AND THE PHILOSPHY THAT GOES WITH THE LIFE TO
CRERATES A HEALTHY BODY WITH A BALANCED MIND AND HEALTHY THOUGHTS THAT CREATES
OR BUILDS AN OLYMPIC MEDAL WINNER. They want to PLAY freely and WIN freely. That
is their THOUGHTS and here it is the factors that reins back at homes and the
societal norms that plays at the back of the mind when these Indian sports
stars play their opponent. That makes a LOT of difference.
WE ARE A POOR COUNTRY WITH IMPOVERISH PEOPLE PLAYING SPORTS
AND SPORTS IS NOT MEANT AT ALL FOR THE IMPOVERISH.
The Javelin that Neeraj Chopra was using was cost around Rs
1,00,000=00 and the Hockey shoes that are required to wear and play Hockey is
WORTH Rs 10,000=00 per pair. The Wrestling Shoes are very expensive costing
around Rs 25,000=00 and even more if you have to wear it to play wrestling but
to ensure that your toes are intact.
CAN A NATION LIKE
INDIA WHERE THE AVERAGE DISPOSABLE INCOME IS AROUND Rs 8500=00 PERMONTH AFFORD
THESE KITS TO THEIR YOUNGER ONES WHO WANT TO TAKE SPORTS- NO IS THE ANSWER.
In Russia Anastasia Myskina with a Farmer background won the
FIRST ever GRAND PRIX title for her nation when she had won the French Open for
Russia. How many daughters of the farmers of India play Tennis- may I ask. Can
they afford the same at all ??..??
THAT IS THE PSYCHOLOGY TO EXPLAIN.
This is where the Government of the other countries take
care of their TODDLERS to make them what it needed by the Government to do to
create a STRONG citizen and here in India – THE FODDERS OF THE CATLES ARE
SIEZED BY THE POLITICIANS AND THE BUREAUCRATS -
LEAVE APART THE QUESTION OF THE FUTURE TODDLERS AND THE CITIZEN THAT
THEY WOULD MAKE FOR THIS COUNTRY.
The FREE SOCIETY that those nation possesses creates a
STRONG individual who if she or he takes to sports bring about a STRONG
performance which reflects the STRENGTH in the medal standing that they create
and reflect at the end of the games. We are in India after 75 years of Independence
have produced only 33 medals in the Olympics where the half of the numeral of
75 is 37.50 and we are not even HALF of the same in terms of MEDALS that out
nation has won in the Olympics.
Not only have psychological characteristics of elite adult
athletes been studied but also those of young individuals in earlier phases of
talent development (e.g., children up to the
age of 14).
Researchers interested in talent
detection and early development in sport identify age
14 as the final year of early
involvement in sport and the
beginning of the specialization
phase (i.e., focusing solely on
one sport activity). Based on data
obtained by researchers such as Craig R. Hall and Tara Scanlan, who
administered questionnaires to young athletes involved in competitive sport
programs in basketball, gymnastics, hockey, soccer, and wrestling, as well as
conducted interviews with these athletes, it was found that
young athletes showed more persistence than
nonathletes. In terms of psychological characteristics and skills, it was
observed that
(a) the level of trait confidence in the young elite athletes
was negatively related to the level of state competitive concerns;
(b) motivation to participate in sport was
more intrinsic than extrinsic in the young elite
athletes—more specifically, young elite athletes more often
reported skill development, team affiliation, fun, excitement of
the game, liking to compete, and liking to
do something they are good at as important motives for participating
in sport; and
(c) using imagery as a psychological
skill is common among young athletes, but the type of imagery and the reasons
for using imagery vary. For example, the types of imagery used by the
young athlete were visual, auditory, kinesthetic,
or tactile. Some of the athletes used
imagery for developing game strategy while others used it only to serve
individual goals. In addition, it was found that gender differences exist in
some, but not all, psychological characteristics. Girls
reported professional or international ambitions less often than boys and
reported enjoyment as a motive for playing sports more often than boys. More
boys than girls attributed their success to physical factors.
Can Sport Build Character?
A question that is often
asked by researchers and practitioners deals
with the contribution of sport to the
development of psychological characteristics.
Specifically, the question that is frankly and naturally askes is - “ Can sports help
athletes build character? ” Although the
belief that sport enhances psychological
development is widespread, research in SP has yet to
provide clear-cut evidence supporting this assumption. For example, studies
have examined the influence of sport competition on the prosocial behavior of
cooperation and altruism in children. Data
from these studies showed that sport competition had a negative
effect on prosocial behaviour and that children who gained more experience in
competitive sports were significantly less altruistic
than those who accumulated less experience.
In other studies aimed at examining the
contribution of organized sport programs to the moral
behaviour of young children, it was observed that some aspects of moral behavior
did improve (e.g., attitudes concerning sportsmanship, and
moral reasoning). However, some of the sport activities that
were performed in these studies failed to reflect actual competition or game
situations, and therefore the ecological validity of the studied activities was
relatively low.
The question of whether elite athletes are born with sport-relevant
psychological characteristics remains unsolved.
Additional studies incorporating personality and
genetics may advance our knowledge on this
issue. At present, more effort should be
devoted to research tools and method logical
aspects deemed appropriate for the study of psychological characteristics of
athletes.
In my attempt I have only made an EFFORT to the NATION and the
GOVERNMENT to rethink and rebuild the SPORTS INFRASTRUCTURE as India in 2024
will he HOPING atleast 50% , ie , 7X50/100 medals more , and that is about TEN
MEDALS atleast from these various events of Olympic Sports that it fetched us
the medal in this Olympics beside CHANGING the INFRASTRUCTURE of the PSYCHOLOGY
that remains here in the Indian sports.
The ARCHERS and the SHOOTERS that have FAILED for India in this Olympics is because of the factors explained above.
The WRESTLERS who are REALLY a GOLD MEDAL prospect but have come with SILVER and BRONZE and SOME who misses it are the BIOLOGICAL and the JEANS and the factors explained here.....
The Athlete who won the GOLD this time is aged about 23 years and the " GODDESS MOTHER " who gave the BIRTH to this GOLDEN Lad as I saw on the TV Set appeared to me possessing a age of about 43 years to about 46 years. The GLOWING face that I saw of the MOTHER makes me to feel so.
The STRENGTH of the BONES, the STRENGTH and the ELASTICITY of the NERVES that her son possesses and the FLEXIBLE-SUPLLE body that he possess because of the factors of the element that his body possesses inside coupled with the regime of exercise and th food supplement that he might have been provided might have made a WORLD OF GOLD for him- that is the reason that he won a GOLD.
The GODESS MOTHER got married exactly at the right time, if not appropriate, and thus she could conceive a son whose BODY is a COMBO of ADIABATIC and ISOMETRIC physique, which is capable of possessing and executing both the POTENTIAL as well as the KINETIC energy at his will and at his discretion to produce those unexpected results and this is what makes him a GOLDEN LINING of Indian TRACK EVENTS.
Bajrang is very POWERFUL from the top , perhaps the STRONGEST one in that category of 65 Kilograms, but has a WEAK lower region and that was responsible for him to NOT win that GOLD and if he works on the movement on his legs to make it LIGHTNING in terms of the movement , and as POWERFUL as, what I may call it, the FEET of " ANGAD " well the 2024 is HIS OLYMPICS and he will craft a WORLD of his own.
The decision and the choice to listen to me for his improvement is his.!!.!!
That is more than enough to describe it in one line .
NO EXXAGERATION, PLEASE
That sums up it and that is all .....
Regards and THANKS
Pics
Shyamal Bhattacharjee
Mr Shyamal Bhattacharjee, the author was born at West Chirimiri Colliery at District Surguja, Chattisgarh on July 6th 1959 He received his early education at Carmel Convent School Bishrampur and later at Christ Church Boys' Higher Secondary School at Jabalpur. He later joined Hislop College at Nagpur and completed his graduation in Science and he also added a degree in B A thereafter. He joined the HITAVADA, a leading dailies of Central India at Nagpur as a Sub-Editor ( Sports ) but gave up to complete his MBA in 1984 He thereafter added a Diploma In Export Management. He has authored THREE books namely Notable Quotes and Noble Thought published by Pustak Mahal in 2001 Indian Cricket : Faces That Changed It published by Manas Publications in 2009 and Essential Of Office Management published by NBCA, Kolkatta in 2012. He has a experience of about 35 years in Marketing .
Comments
Post a Comment